<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260</id><updated>2012-02-16T11:11:21.527-08:00</updated><category term='general english'/><category term='esame'/><category term='teaching legal English'/><category term='corsi in lingua'/><category term='damages'/><category term='centro executive'/><category term='English'/><category term='liverpool'/><category term='work paid'/><category term='vivi e studia a casa dell&apos;insegnate'/><category term='Commercial'/><category term='intership'/><category term='scozia'/><category term='tirocinio retribuito'/><category term='certificazione'/><category term='full immersion'/><category term='tirocinio'/><category term='euleta'/><category term='cambridge'/><category term='inglese'/><category term='studenti di giurisprudenza'/><category term='linguiistica giuridica'/><category term='Edimburgo'/><category term='avvocato penalista'/><category term='stampa'/><category term='how to teach legal English'/><category term='inglese generale'/><category term='certificazioni'/><category term='foggia'/><category term='stage'/><category term='conferenza iafl'/><category term='south Africa marriage act'/><category term='inglese legale'/><category term='avvocati'/><category term='manchester'/><category term='scuola'/><category term='oxford'/><category term='law'/><category term='studio legale'/><category term='londra'/><category term='maria lombardi'/><category term='settore giuridico'/><category term='formazione inglese'/><category term='business english'/><category term='glasgow'/><category term='traduzione'/><category term='legal English'/><category term='language change'/><category term='bournemouth'/><category term='corso intensivo'/><category term='master European Legal studies'/><category term='docenti inglese legale'/><category term='criminal Lawyers'/><category term='docenti inglese'/><category term='ilec'/><category term='brighton'/><category term='toles'/><category term='certificazione ilec'/><title type='text'>Inglese Legale</title><subtitle type='html'>Lo scopo di questo blog è quello di catalogare informazioni sull'inglese legale. Nello specifico: linguistica giuridica, certificazioni, risorse didattiche per lo studio di inglese legale, profili professionali interessanti,corsi di inglese legale in Italia e all’estero.

Un luogo, inoltre, per studenti e docenti di "legal English" dove avviare discussioni e confronti.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>73</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-1145421849243444385</id><published>2012-01-25T10:35:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-25T10:36:41.028-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='studenti di giurisprudenza'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='law'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='general english'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Edimburgo'/><title type='text'>Legal English a Edimburgo</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span &gt;News Edimburgo: Sono aperte le iscrizioni per il corso di Legal English che inizierà il &lt;b&gt;21/02/12&lt;/b&gt;. I corsi si svolgono presso la &lt;b&gt;University of Edinburgh&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span &gt;Il corso è rivolto a studenti di giurisprudenza, giovani avvocati e praticanti. I partecipanti devono avere &lt;strong&gt;familiarità con il sistema giuridico del proprio paese&lt;/strong&gt;. Per poter partecipare al corso è necessario un &lt;strong&gt;livello minimo Intermediate&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span &gt;Gli studenti sono incoraggiati a sviluppare le capacità di speaking attraverso la  discussione e spiegazione degli aspetti principali del proprio sistema giuridico.

Trattasi di un &lt;strong&gt;corso combinato&lt;/strong&gt; con un corso intensivo di General English al mattino e &lt;strong&gt;5 ore a settimana di Legal English &lt;/strong&gt;nel pomeriggio.

Il corso si propone di sviluppare le seguenti competenze:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;leggere testi giuridici&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;ampliare il lessico giuridico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;migliorare le  capacità di listening  e speaking &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;presentare argomenti o casi giuridici&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span &gt;I contenuti del corso sono:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;breve panoramica sul  sistema giuridico del Regno Unito&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;diritto societario&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;Il diritto UE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;diritto penale e civile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span &gt;Inoltre è possibile partecipare ad un programma intensivo per la &lt;strong&gt;preparazione dell'esame ILEC &lt;/strong&gt;(Cambridge International Legal inglese Certificate). Prezzi e date inizio corsi su richiesta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max 15 per classe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;&lt;strong&gt;Età studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; minimo 18 anni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello:&lt;/strong&gt; minimo B2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata: &lt;/strong&gt;minimo 3 settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;&lt;b&gt;Prezzo: &lt;/b&gt;£240 a settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span &gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/111-ials-universita-di-edimburgo?start=2" _fcksavedurl="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/111-ials-universita-di-edimburgo?start=2" target="_blank"&gt;Alloggi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; |&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/111-ials-universita-di-edimburgo" _fcksavedurl="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/111-ials-universita-di-edimburgo" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Info scuola &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;| &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" _fcksavedurl="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contattaci e Prenota&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br class="Apple-interchange-newline"&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-1145421849243444385?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/428-corso-di-inglese-legale-presso-ials-edimburgo' title='Legal English a Edimburgo'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/1145421849243444385/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=1145421849243444385' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1145421849243444385'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1145421849243444385'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2012/01/legal-english-edimburgo.html' title='Legal English a Edimburgo'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-6486902526208634047</id><published>2012-01-18T07:09:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-18T07:19:28.780-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='toles'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cambridge'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='certificazione'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><title type='text'>Esame TOLES a Cambridge</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span &gt;Sono aperte le iscrizioni al corso di preparazione esame TOLES che inizierà il 20/02/12. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span &gt;Il corso è progettato per giovani ed ambiziosi avvocati e per studenti di giurispudenza che desiderano lavorare in ambito internazionale dopo la laurea.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span &gt;&lt;span&gt;Trattasi di un &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;corso intensivo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt; con &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;21 ore settimanali&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt; di lezione in classe + studio guidato ogni settimana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span &gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span &gt;Il programma include:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;lezioni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;materiale didattico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;tassa di iscrizione all'esame TOLES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span &gt;1 escursione di intera giornata a Londra in compagnia dell'insegnante, con visita al mattino alle corti di Londra (Old Bailey -The London Central Criminal Court, la Corte Suprema ed il Royal Courts of Justice) e tempo libero a disposizione nel pomeriggio per visitare la città.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span &gt;Il corso si conclude con l'esame&lt;b&gt; TOLES Advanced&lt;/b&gt;.  L'esame ha una durata di 2 ore. Attesta un'accurata conoscenza del lessico giuridico e di tutte quelle competenze che fanno parte della vita quotidiana di un avvocato - come scrivere lettere, comprendere e spiegare documenti legali.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;N. studenti: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;max 12 per classe
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;Età:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt; minimo 21 ann&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;Livello: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;da Intermediate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;Inizio corsi: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;20/02/12 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;Durata:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt; 3 settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;£1750&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/438-cambridge-law-studio?start=2" _fcksavedurl="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/438-cambridge-law-studio?start=2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(57, 83, 101); "&gt;Alloggi &lt;/a&gt;| &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/438-cambridge-law-studio" _fcksavedurl="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/438-cambridge-law-studio" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(57, 83, 101); "&gt;Info scuola&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/438-cambridge-law-studio?start=3" _fcksavedurl="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/438-cambridge-law-studio?start=3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(57, 83, 101); "&gt;Extra&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" _fcksavedurl="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(57, 83, 101); "&gt;Contattaci e Prenota&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-6486902526208634047?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/6486902526208634047/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=6486902526208634047' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/6486902526208634047'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/6486902526208634047'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2012/01/sono-aperte-le-iscrizioni-al-corso-di.html' title='Esame TOLES a Cambridge'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-3798486879570882522</id><published>2011-12-13T10:49:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-13T10:53:57.470-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='general english'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese generale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='corsi in lingua'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='glasgow'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='londra'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='liverpool'/><title type='text'>Corsi Low Cost di Inglese Generale</title><content type='html'>Hai la necessità di migliorare le competenze di base della lingua Inglese? Don't worry! &lt;div&gt;Possiamo offrirti una ampia scelta di corsi di General English in tantissime località del Regno Unito, Irlanda, Usa e Malta.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ecco degli esempi:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h1 style="text-decoration: none; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-top: 10px; line-height: 25px; color: rgb(138, 20, 20); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;General English a Londra Centrale&lt;img alt="" align="right" src="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/images/stories/piccadilly.jpg" _fcksavedurl="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/images/stories/piccadilly.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;Impara l'inglese nella centralissima Piccadilly!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;La soluzione ideale per gli amanti della &lt;strong&gt;Londra by night&lt;/strong&gt;! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;Trattasi di un &lt;strong&gt;pacchetto full inclusive&lt;/strong&gt; della &lt;strong&gt;durata minima di 4 settimane&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;Il programma include:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: inside; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;tassa di iscrizione + attestato di frequenza&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;20 lezioni settimanali nel pomeriggio di Inglese Generale&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;sistemazione in Hostfamily (in zona 2 e 3) in camera singola (bagno condiviso con la famiglia)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;mezza pensione (colazione + cena)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A PARTIRE DA £1155 PER 4 SETTIMANE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;Vuoi maggiore indipendenza? Ampia disponibilità di Residence e Student House.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" _fcksavedurl="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" style="color: rgb(187, 27, 27); "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contattaci&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;per maggiori info.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style="text-decoration: none; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 23px; color: rgb(138, 20, 20); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 16px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;General English a Glasgow:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;Trattasi di un pacchetto full inclusive (tutto compreso) che comprende:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: inside; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;sistemazione in famiglia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;camera singola&lt;/strong&gt; + uso della cucina (self-catering)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;quota di iscrizione&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;lezioni di &lt;strong&gt;General English&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;15 ore a settimana&lt;/strong&gt; dal lunedì al venerdì)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;materiale didattico + libro di testo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;test di ingresso + attestato di fine corso&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;accesso ad Internet e connessione Wi-Fi gratuita&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;consulenza&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A SOLI £240 A SETTIMANA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;E aggiungendo solo &lt;strong&gt;£55&lt;/strong&gt; a settimana avrai colazione e cena!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" _fcksavedurl="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" style="color: rgb(187, 27, 27); "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contattaci&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;per maggiori dettagli sull'offerta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h1 style="text-decoration: none; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-top: 10px; line-height: 25px; color: rgb(138, 20, 20); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 16px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;General English a Liverpool:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;Trattasi di un programma all inclusive che include:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: inside; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;sistemazione presso Hostfamily
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;camera singola&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;trattamento di mezza pensione &lt;/strong&gt;(colazione e cena)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;quote di iscrizione&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;lezioni di &lt;strong&gt;General English&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;15 ore a settimana&lt;/strong&gt; dal lunedì al venerdì)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;test di ingresso + attestato di fine corso&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;1 libro di testo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;accesso ad Internet e connessione Wi-Fi gratuita&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A SOLI £350 A SETTIMANA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;Non vuoi soggiornare in una hostfamily? Puoi optare per la&lt;strong&gt; sistemazione presso residence&lt;/strong&gt; in camera singola + uso cucina (self catering) &lt;strong&gt;a soli £340 a settimana&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" _fcksavedurl="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(138, 20, 20); "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contattaci&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;per maggiori dettagli sull'offerta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h1 style="text-decoration: none; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; margin-top: 10px; line-height: 25px; color: rgb(138, 20, 20); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt; &lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-3798486879570882522?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/58-special-offers/558-le-migliori-proposte-del-momento' title='Corsi Low Cost di Inglese Generale'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/3798486879570882522/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=3798486879570882522' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3798486879570882522'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3798486879570882522'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/12/corsi-low-cost-di-inglese-generale.html' title='Corsi Low Cost di Inglese Generale'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-1937776411726780966</id><published>2011-12-13T08:03:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-13T08:10:25.006-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='studenti di giurisprudenza'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cambridge'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='avvocato penalista'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><title type='text'>Corso di Inglese Legale a Cambridge</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Per studenti di giurisprudenza o per giovani avvocati che esercitano la professione.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Il corso ha l'obiettivo di:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;migliorare l'inglese di ciascun studente;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;sviluppare le capacità di comunicazione orale e scritta (negoziare e trattare; intervistare);&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;ampliare il lessico specialistico;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;comprensione delle connessioni tra il diritto britannico e diritto comunitario;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;aumentare la fiducia nell' uso della lingua inglese.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;p&gt;Il corso inoltre include:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;tutto il materiale didattico;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;lettura di documenti legali;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;stesura di contratti e lettere;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;incontri con legali britannici; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;visite di istruzione&lt;/strong&gt; ai &lt;strong&gt;Tribunali di Londra o Cambridge&lt;/strong&gt; per assistere ad un processo.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Età minima:&lt;/strong&gt; 20 anni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N° studenti: &lt;/strong&gt;max 12  per classe
    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N° lezioni: &lt;/strong&gt;21  ore (60 min) + 10 ore di tutoraggio a settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello:&lt;/strong&gt; da intermedio a avanzato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio corsi:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; 09/01/12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata:&lt;/strong&gt;  3 o 4 settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=" font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Prezzo: £ 1008 &lt;/span&gt;(3 weeks) - &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;£ 1344&lt;/span&gt; (4 weeks)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;N.B.: E’ l'&lt;strong style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;unica scuola di Cambridge &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;riconosciuta dal British Council &lt;/span&gt;per l’insegnamento dell’inglese legale&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;u&gt;
&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/131-scuola-di-inglese-a-cambridge?start=3" _fcksavedurl="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/131-scuola-di-inglese-a-cambridge?start=3" target="_blank"&gt;Alloggi&lt;/a&gt; |&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/131-scuola-di-inglese-a-cambridge" _fcksavedurl="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/131-scuola-di-inglese-a-cambridge" target="_blank"&gt; Info Scuola&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/131-scuola-di-inglese-a-cambridge?start=2" _fcksavedurl="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/131-scuola-di-inglese-a-cambridge?start=2"&gt;Extra&lt;/a&gt; |&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" _fcksavedurl="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" target="_blank"&gt; Contattaci e Prenota&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-1937776411726780966?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/139-legal-english-a-cambridge' title='Corso di Inglese Legale a Cambridge'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/1937776411726780966/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=1937776411726780966' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1937776411726780966'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1937776411726780966'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/12/corso-di-inglese-legale-cambridge.html' title='Corso di Inglese Legale a Cambridge'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-2849614676187427013</id><published>2011-10-19T08:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-19T08:35:32.803-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='studenti di giurisprudenza'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='studio legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='stage'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='work paid'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tirocinio retribuito'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='settore giuridico'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tirocinio'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='manchester'/><title type='text'>Tirocinio retribuito a Manchester</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(239, 143, 143); "&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; line-height: 18px; "&gt;Tantissimi sono gli studenti che si recano nel Regno Unito per imparare l'inglese e che &lt;strong&gt;desiderano sperimentare il mondo del lavoro&lt;/strong&gt; magari con un&lt;strong&gt; tirocinio retribuito&lt;/strong&gt;. Presso la scuola di &lt;strong&gt;Manchester&lt;/strong&gt; tutto questo è possibile! E' una delle poche scuole ad offrire degli stage retribuiti a studenti provenienti da paesi della UE. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; line-height: 18px; "&gt;Il programma include:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: inside; "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;corso di General &amp;amp; Business English della durata minima di 4 settimane;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;tirocinio retribuito della durata minima di 24 settimane;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;curriculum vitae workshops comprese le tecniche per superare un colloquio;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;consulenza per l'apertura del conto bancario, la registrazione presso un'ambulatorio medico, ecc;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;supporto e monitoraggio durante tutto lo stage.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; line-height: 18px; "&gt;La scuola offre due soluzioni:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: inside; "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Unskilled - &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;stage per studenti non specializzati&lt;/strong&gt;. Rientrano in questa categoria: ospitalità, pulizie, collaboratori domestici, lavoro in fabbrica, ecc. E' richiesto un livello minimo Pre-intermedio*. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Skilled&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;stage per studenti specializzati&lt;/strong&gt;. Rientrano in questa: ospitalità, informatica, ingegneria, assistenza clienti, amministrazione, settore giuridico, economico, ecc. E' richiesto un livello minimo Intermedio*.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Punto di forza del programma:&lt;/strong&gt; la scuola si impegna a ricercare aziende che corrispondano alle richieste specifiche dello studente.  Esempio: se sei un giovane avvocato sarai collocato presso uno studio legale. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; line-height: 18px; "&gt;Gli studenti dovranno sostenere un colloquio prima di iniziare il tirocinio. E' possibile sostenere &lt;strong&gt;fino ad un massimo di 5 colloqui&lt;/strong&gt;. Inoltre la scuola offre fino ad un &lt;strong&gt;max di 2 aziende alternative:&lt;/strong&gt; nel caso in cui lo studente non sia soddisfatto della prima scelta ha l'opportunità di proseguire il tirocinio presso un'altra società.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; line-height: 18px; "&gt;Per partecipare al programma è necessario seguire i seguenti steps:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: inside; "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;compilare un modulo per la candidatura&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;inviare un CV + una lettera di presentazione&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;sostenere un colloquio telefonico con un Coordinatore scolastico&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;sostenere un test scritto da inviare via e-mail.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; line-height: 18px; "&gt;*Se il livello linguistico non soddisfa i minimi richiesti per l'inserimento lavorativo, il Coordinatore consiglierà un programma appropriato di lingua inglese.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; line-height: 1em; background-image: url(http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/templates/soluzioniformative5555/images/postbullets.png); background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Età:&lt;/strong&gt; minimo 18 anni&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; line-height: 1em; background-image: url(http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/templates/soluzioniformative5555/images/postbullets.png); background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. lezioni:&lt;/strong&gt; 15 ore di General English + 5 ore di Business English alla settimana&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; line-height: 1em; background-image: url(http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/templates/soluzioniformative5555/images/postbullets.png); background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio corso:&lt;/strong&gt; ogni lunedì&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10px; line-height: 1em; background-image: url(http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/templates/soluzioniformative5555/images/postbullets.png); background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;table width="400" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-top: 1px; margin-right: 1px; margin-bottom: 1px; margin-left: 1px; width: auto; background-color: transparent; "&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="background-color: transparent; padding-top: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); border-right-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); border-bottom-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); border-left-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); vertical-align: top; text-align: left; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;English &amp;amp; Paid Work Unskilled&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="background-color: transparent; padding-top: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); border-right-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); border-bottom-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); border-left-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); vertical-align: top; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;£1800&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="background-color: transparent; padding-top: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); border-right-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); border-bottom-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); border-left-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); vertical-align: top; text-align: left; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;English &amp;amp; Paid Work Skilled&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="background-color: transparent; padding-top: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); border-right-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); border-bottom-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); border-left-color: rgb(154, 180, 198); vertical-align: top; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;£2050&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; line-height: 18px; "&gt;N.B. E' prevista una tessa di iscrizione pari a &lt;strong&gt;£90&lt;/strong&gt; non rimborsabile in caso di disdetta. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; line-height: 18px; "&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; text-align: left; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/578-scuola-di-inglese-amanchester?start=2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(138, 20, 20); "&gt;Alloggi &lt;/a&gt;| &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/578-scuola-di-inglese-amanchester" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(138, 20, 20); "&gt;Info scuola&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/578-scuola-di-inglese-amanchester?start=3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(138, 20, 20); "&gt;Extra&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(138, 20, 20); "&gt;Contattaci e Prenota&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-2849614676187427013?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/59-studia-e-lavora/589-tirocinio-retribuito-a-manchester' title='Tirocinio retribuito a Manchester'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/2849614676187427013/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=2849614676187427013' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/2849614676187427013'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/2849614676187427013'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/10/tirocinio-retribuito-manchester.html' title='Tirocinio retribuito a Manchester'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-3309050287797132608</id><published>2011-10-15T04:01:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-15T04:01:30.071-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='damages'/><title type='text'>Words of the day</title><content type='html'>Damages: risarcimento danni, indennizzo, risarcimento&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/damages.html"&gt;Different types of damages:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;exemplary damages&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;punitive damages&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;liquidated damages&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Consolidate your "legal English" through news articles&lt;br /&gt;
- Punitive damages &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-14983123"&gt;US court rules against Chevron in Ecuador oil case&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- Exemplary damages &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-15311247"&gt;Colm Murphy and Seamus Daly to face Omagh bomb retrials&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- Nominal damages &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12834196"&gt;Foreign prisoners win £1 over UK false imprisonment&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Scegliete un articolo - estrapolate parole chiavi legate all'area giuridica e pubblicate il lavoro&lt;br /&gt;
Enjoy it! &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-3309050287797132608?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/3309050287797132608/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=3309050287797132608' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3309050287797132608'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3309050287797132608'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/10/words-of-day.html' title='Words of the day'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-289097355740205120</id><published>2011-10-14T09:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-14T09:06:03.508-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='toles'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='certificazione'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='avvocati'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='corso intensivo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='londra'/><title type='text'>Legal English + TOLES a Londra</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: rgb(247, 240, 233); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(99, 32, 53); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 22px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;Iscrizioni aperte per il &lt;b&gt;corso intensivo&lt;/b&gt; di Legal English che si svolgerà presso una delle scuole più prestigiose di Londra&lt;b&gt; a partire dal 21/11/11&lt;/b&gt;. Il corso è adatto a studenti di giurisprudenza e giovani avvocati. Le lezioni sono organizzate in base alle reali esigenze dei partecipanti.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(239, 143, 143); "&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;img align="left" alt="" src="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/images/stories/london_school_english_for_lawyers_web.jpg" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; " /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(239, 143, 143); "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le finalità del corso sono:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(239, 143, 143); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ol style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(31, 4, 4); margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: inside; "&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-position: 0% 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;migliorare la propria conoscenza di base dell'inglese&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-position: 0% 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;migliorare la propria confidenza nell'uso della lingua&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-position: 0% 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;migliorare la scioltezza e la comprensione della lingua in un contesto legale&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-position: 0% 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;ampliare il proprio vocabolario, specialmente in contesto giuridico&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-position: 0% 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;migliorare la flessibilità della lingua, riconoscere e correggere i propri problemi linguistici&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.2em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-position: 0% 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;avere maggiore confidenza con i sistemi e metodi legali, la legge Inglese ed il sistema giuridico della Comunità Europea&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="color: rgb(99, 32, 53); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 22px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;Gli studenti che desiderano ottenere la&lt;b&gt; certificazione TOLES&lt;/b&gt;, al termine del corso possono frequentare un corso specifico per la preparazione dell'esame della durata di 1 settimana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul style="color: rgb(99, 32, 53); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 22px; padding-left: 32px; list-style-type: none; line-height: 1.4em; "&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 17px; background-image: url(http://www.blogblog.com/thisaway_rose/icon_list_item_left.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 0% 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;N. studenti: &lt;/b&gt;max 10 per classeEtà minima: 20 anni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 17px; background-image: url(http://www.blogblog.com/thisaway_rose/icon_list_item_left.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 0% 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;N. lezioni: &lt;/b&gt;24 ore di lezione a settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 17px; background-image: url(http://www.blogblog.com/thisaway_rose/icon_list_item_left.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 0% 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Livello:&lt;/b&gt; da Intermediate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 17px; background-image: url(http://www.blogblog.com/thisaway_rose/icon_list_item_left.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 0% 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Durata:&lt;/b&gt; 3 settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 17px; background-image: url(http://www.blogblog.com/thisaway_rose/icon_list_item_left.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 0% 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Inizio corsi:&lt;/b&gt; 21/11/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 17px; background-image: url(http://www.blogblog.com/thisaway_rose/icon_list_item_left.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: 0% 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;table width="436" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"&gt;  &lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width="141"&gt;  &lt;col width="273"&gt;  &lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr valign="TOP"&gt;   &lt;td width="141" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000; border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; padding-top: 0.1cm; padding-bottom: 0.1cm; padding-left: 0.1cm; padding-right: 0cm"&gt;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;Descrizione&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width="273" style="border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 0.1cm"&gt;    &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;Prezzo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr valign="TOP"&gt;   &lt;td width="141" style="border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0.1cm; padding-left: 0.1cm; padding-right: 0cm"&gt;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;Young Lawyers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width="273" style="border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0.1cm; padding-left: 0.1cm; padding-right: 0.1cm"&gt;    &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;£1260&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr valign="TOP"&gt;   &lt;td width="141" style="border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: none; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0.1cm; padding-left: 0.1cm; padding-right: 0cm"&gt;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;TOLES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td width="273" style="border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; border-left: 1px solid #000000; border-right: 1px solid #000000; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0.1cm; padding-left: 0.1cm; padding-right: 0.1cm"&gt;    &lt;p style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;£420 + tassa di ammissione esame £120&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(239, 143, 143); "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/112-london-school-of-english?start=2" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(138, 20, 20); font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; "&gt;Alloggi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt; | &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/112-london-school-of-english" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(138, 20, 20); font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Info scuola &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;|&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/112-london-school-of-english?start=3" style="color: rgb(138, 20, 20); font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; "&gt; Extra &lt;/a&gt;| &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(138, 20, 20); font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contattaci e Prenota&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: rgb(247, 240, 233); "&gt;&lt;div style="color: rgb(99, 32, 53); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Verdana, 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 22px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(31, 4, 4); font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(239, 143, 143); "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;p style="line-height: 1.4em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; height: 0px; overflow-x: visible; overflow-y: visible; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-289097355740205120?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/84-inglese-legale-per-avvocaticertif-toles-a-londra-rif-364' title='Legal English + TOLES a Londra'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/289097355740205120/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=289097355740205120' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/289097355740205120'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/289097355740205120'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/10/legal-english-toles-londra.html' title='Legal English + TOLES a Londra'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-5981206959348385974</id><published>2011-09-27T06:49:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-09-27T06:51:26.835-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='corso intensivo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='certificazione ilec'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='londra'/><title type='text'>Legal English + Certificazione ILEC  a Londra</title><content type='html'>&lt;h3 class="post-title entry-title"&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class="post-header"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Corso per &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;studenti di giurisprudenza  e praticanti avvocati &lt;/span&gt;che  desiderano lavorare in un contesto  giuridico internazionale.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gli obiettivi sono:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;preparazione certificazione ILEC&lt;/span&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;diritto  commerciale, diritto societario, diritto contrattuale,   diritto del  lavoro e diritto immobiliare;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;miglioramento  abilità linguistiche  in un contesto giuridico&lt;/span&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;imparare  la&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; terminologia specifica del diritto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;L'esame&lt;strong&gt; ILEC  (International Legal  English Certificate)&lt;/strong&gt; è una certificazione  riconosciuta dal  Cambridge e spendibile nel settore forense. La  preparazione di questo  esame offre la possibilità di confrontarsi con  un lessico specialistico  tipico del diritto contrattuale e diritto di  impresa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N.  studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max  14 per classe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello: &lt;/strong&gt;da  Upper  Intermediate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Età  minima:&lt;/strong&gt; 18  anni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N.  lezioni:&lt;/strong&gt; 28  lezioni a settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata: &lt;/strong&gt;4  settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio corsi: &lt;/strong&gt; 24/10/11
  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo: £1044&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/126-scuola-di-wimbledon?start=2"&gt;Alloggi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; | &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/126-scuola-di-wimbledon"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Info    Scuola &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;| &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/126-scuola-di-wimbledon?start=3" target="_blank"&gt;Extra&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contattaci    e Prenota&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/126-scuola-di-wimbledon" target="_blank"&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11px;"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-5981206959348385974?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/132-ilec-a-wimbledon' title='Legal English + Certificazione ILEC  a Londra'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/5981206959348385974/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=5981206959348385974' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5981206959348385974'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5981206959348385974'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/09/legal-english-certificazione-ilec.html' title='Legal English + Certificazione ILEC  a Londra'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-6414757514381909621</id><published>2011-06-28T08:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-28T08:16:15.580-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='studenti di giurisprudenza'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='stage'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='avvocati'/><title type='text'>Internship per neo laureati e giovani avvocati</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="post-header"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  Il programma è progettato per neo laureati di giurisprudenza e&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; giovani Avvocati e Procuratori&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;legali &lt;/span&gt;con un &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;livello avanzato della lingua ingles&lt;/span&gt;e e  aventi un'&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;età minima di 25 anni&lt;/span&gt;,  che desiderano fare una esperienza lavorativa internazionale per lo  sviluppo della propria carriera.

Questo programma da  l'opportunità di ampliare le proprie competenze e abilità e di fare un'  esperienza lavorativa internazionale.
&lt;p&gt;I partecipanti acquisiscono &lt;strong&gt;ampia  esperienza in un settore  specialistico&lt;/strong&gt;  stabiliscono &lt;strong&gt;rapporti  professionali&lt;/strong&gt;  in una delle città commerciali più  importanti  del mondo.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;La durata del programma è di&lt;strong&gt; minimo di  4   settimane&lt;/strong&gt;  ma più lungo è  lo stage più vantaggiosa sarà  l'esperienza  lavorativa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello:&lt;/strong&gt; Advanced&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Età:&lt;/strong&gt;  minimo 25 anni&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio stage:&lt;/strong&gt; ogni lunedì&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata:  &lt;/strong&gt;4/8/16 settimane&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remunerazione:&lt;/strong&gt;  nessuna&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Luogo di lavoro:&lt;/strong&gt; Londra&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Servizio  per il collocamento in azienda: £850&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;Nb. il prezzo non include la  sistemazione. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;a onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');   return false" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/501-scuola-di-inglese-twin-group?start=4"&gt;Alloggi   &lt;/a&gt;|&lt;a onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');   return false" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/501-scuola-di-inglese-twin-group"&gt;   Info scuola&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');   return false" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/501-scuola-di-inglese-twin-group?start=5"&gt;Extra&lt;/a&gt;   | &lt;a onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');   return false" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci"&gt;Contattaci  e  Prenota&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-6414757514381909621?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/59-studia-e-lavora/505-stage-per-advanced-level-a-londra-con-twin-group' title='Internship per neo laureati e giovani avvocati'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/6414757514381909621/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=6414757514381909621' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/6414757514381909621'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/6414757514381909621'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/06/internship-per-neo-laureati-e-giovani.html' title='Internship per neo laureati e giovani avvocati'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-5600096294653840690</id><published>2011-06-20T10:52:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-20T10:54:53.486-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='law'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='avvocati'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Edimburgo'/><title type='text'>Corso estivo per giovani avvocati ad Edimburgo</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Questo corso di lingua è stato ideato per giovani avvocati, aventi &lt;strong&gt;minimo  due anni di esperienza&lt;/strong&gt;, che hanno bisogno di migliorare  l'inglese per la propria professione.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;I punti di forza del corso sono i docenti altamente specializzati e  con  grande esperienza nella didattica  e le &lt;strong&gt;classi piccole&lt;/strong&gt;  formate da max 8 studenti&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Per poter partecipare al corso, è richiesto un &lt;strong&gt;livello minimo  Upper Intermediate&lt;/strong&gt;. I partecipanti devono essere in grado di  leggere in inglese (giornali  quotidiani, libri di testo) in modo  relativamente semplice e in grado di  comprendere l'inglese parlato con  pochi problemi.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Il corso da l'opportunità agli studenti di &lt;strong&gt;ampliare il  lessico giuridico&lt;/strong&gt;, di &lt;strong&gt;aumentare la fluidità e la  fiducia&lt;/strong&gt; nell'usare l'inglese in un contesto professionale. Un'  ampia  varietà di argomenti sono trattati dal corso:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;sistema giuridico del Regno Unito &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;diritto societario&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;diritto contrattuale e l'acquisizione di proprietà.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;p&gt;Le attività del corso comprendono:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Giochi di ruolo con incontri e trattative&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fare brevi presentazioni su argomenti giuridici&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Lettura e discussione di testi giuridici (comprese le  segnalazioni di casi)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max 8 per classe&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata:&lt;/strong&gt; 2 settimane&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio corsi:&lt;/strong&gt; 25/07/11  05/08/11&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; £869&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/111-ials-universita-di-edimburgo?start=2" target="_blank"&gt;Alloggi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; |&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/111-ials-universita-di-edimburgo" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Info scuola &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;| &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contattaci e Prenota&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-5600096294653840690?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/427-corso-estivo-per-giovani-avvocati-presso-ials-edimburgo' title='Corso estivo per giovani avvocati ad Edimburgo'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/5600096294653840690/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=5600096294653840690' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5600096294653840690'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5600096294653840690'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/06/corso-estivo-per-giovani-avvocati-ad.html' title='Corso estivo per giovani avvocati ad Edimburgo'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-5567995034470470550</id><published>2011-06-10T08:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-06-10T08:47:51.016-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='brighton'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='general english'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='full immersion'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='vivi e studia a casa dell&apos;insegnate'/><title type='text'>Legal English a Brighton</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Qual è il corso adatto ad uno studente che desidera  raggiungere gli obiettivi in modo rapido e sicuro?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sicuramente il programma&lt;strong&gt; "Vivi e Studia a casa  dell'insegnante"!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p&gt;Offre allo studente l'opportunità di vivere in casa con un professore  di lingua, ricevere lezioni individuali personalizzate e utilizzare  l'inglese durante tutta la durata soggiorno. Ogni programma viene  realizzato in base ai reali bisogni dello studente.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Il programma si svolge vicino Brighton. Il docente ha 30  anni di esperienza nell'insegnamento dell'inglese ed una vasta  conoscenza della storia locale. Possono essere impartite le seguenti  lezioni:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;General English
  &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Business English
  &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Legal English
  &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Inoltre, vi è la possibilità (ad un  costo aggiuntivo) di &lt;strong&gt;combinare il corso di &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;lingua  con varie attività culturali in compagnia dell'insegnante&lt;/strong&gt;: ad  esempio tour guidati ad Arundel Castle, Lewes, Chichester (antica città  romana), visite ai numerosi parchi e giardini del Sussex e Londra (distante solo un'ora in treno).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Possono partecipare al programma adulti  con qualsiasi livello di  Inglese.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Il pacchetto include:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;sistemazione in camera sigola (bagno condiviso con la famiglia)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;trattamento di mezza pensione&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;10 ore di lezioni ONE-TO-ONE a settimana
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PREZZO: solo £350  a  settimana!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Punti di forza:
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Attenzione totale&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;=&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;lezioni  su misura, progettate rispettando i bisogni dello studente.&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Full immersion= &lt;/strong&gt;lo studente si immergerà  completamente nella cultura e nella lingua inglese sin dall'arrivo:  english only dal mattino alla sera!&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;     &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1 settimana= 7 notti &lt;/strong&gt;(arrivo di sabato o  domenica - partenza di sabato o domenica).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Per maggiori info non esitare a &lt;a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci"&gt;contattarci!
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-5567995034470470550?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/58-special-offers/552-offerta-qvivi-e-studia-a-casa-del-tuo-insegnanteq' title='Legal English a Brighton'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/5567995034470470550/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=5567995034470470550' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5567995034470470550'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5567995034470470550'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/06/legal-english-brighton.html' title='Legal English a Brighton'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-6831471784520088449</id><published>2011-05-20T09:56:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-20T10:01:29.605-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cambridge'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='avvocati'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='certificazione ilec'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='bournemouth'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='oxford'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='londra'/><title type='text'>Inglese Legale estate 2011</title><content type='html'>Sono aperte le iscrizioni ai corsi estivi di Legal English. Ecco  l'elenco dei corsi disponibili:

&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/510-corso-di-inglese-legale-a-bournemouth"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Corso di Inglese Legale a Bournemouth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Età studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; minimo 17 anni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max 12 per classe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. lezioni:&lt;/strong&gt; 20 lezioni settimanali&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio corsi: &lt;/strong&gt;dal 27/06/11 al 16/09/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata:&lt;/strong&gt; 2-12 settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;£225&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  a settimana&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/461-inglese-legale-alla-international-house-a-londra"&gt;Inglese  Legale a Londra &lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max  6 per classe
  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Età minima:&lt;/strong&gt;  21  anni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello:&lt;/strong&gt;  da  Upper Intermediate
  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Durata:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt; 1 settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio corsi:&lt;/strong&gt;  20/06/11 -  18/07/11 -  12/09/11
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo: &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;£950&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/440-inglese-legale-executive-alla-cambridge-law-studio"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Inglese Legale executive a Cambridge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max  6 per classe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Livello:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt; da Upper Intermidiate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Inizio corsi:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt; 09/05/11 - 25/07/11
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Durata:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt; 1 settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:14px;"&gt;£1485&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/439-legal-english-alla-cambridge-law-studio"&gt;Legal  English a Cambridge&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;N. studenti: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;max 12 per classe
  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Età:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt; minimo 21 ann&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Livello: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;da Intermediate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;
  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Inizio corsi:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt; 11/07/11 -  01/08/11 - 15/08/11 - 22/08/11
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Durata:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt; 3 settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;£1705&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/427-corso-estivo-per-giovani-avvocati-presso-ials-edimburgo"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Corso per giovani avvocati ad Edimburgo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max 8 per classe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata:&lt;/strong&gt; 2 settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio corsi:&lt;/strong&gt; 25/07/11  05/08/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;£869&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/47-corsi-di-inglese-per-scopi-specifici/426-corsi-estivi-di-business-e-legal-english-alla-frances-king"&gt;Corso  per giovani avvocati a Londra&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello:&lt;/strong&gt; da Upper Intermediate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata: &lt;/strong&gt;2 settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio corsi: &lt;/strong&gt;04/07/11  18/07/11  01/08/11     15/08/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;£648&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/343-legal-english-a-oxford"&gt;Inglese  Legale ad Oxford &lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max 6 studenti (per le  lezioni di  Legal English)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello: &lt;/strong&gt;da  Intermediate ad Advanced&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N.  lezioni: &lt;/strong&gt;20 lezioni General English + 10  lezioni Legal English a settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio  corsi:&lt;/strong&gt;  18/07/11 -  05/09/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata: &lt;/strong&gt;2  settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/span&gt; £660&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/132-ilec-a-wimbledon"&gt;Inglese  Legale + ILEC a Wimbledon&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max  14 per classe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello:  &lt;/strong&gt;da  Upper Intermediate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Età  minima:&lt;/strong&gt; 18  anni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. lezioni:&lt;/strong&gt;  28  lezioni a settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata:  &lt;/strong&gt;4  settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio  corsi: &lt;/strong&gt;18/04/11   22/08/11  24/10/11
  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo: £1044&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;a onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');    return false" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci"&gt;Contattaci&lt;/a&gt; per maggiori dettagli o visita il seguente link: &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale"&gt;http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-6831471784520088449?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/6831471784520088449/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=6831471784520088449' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/6831471784520088449'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/6831471784520088449'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/05/inglese-legale-estate-2011.html' title='Inglese Legale estate 2011'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-4052792981668714950</id><published>2011-05-05T10:39:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-05T10:41:20.012-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='business english'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='corsi in lingua'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='corso intensivo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='bournemouth'/><title type='text'>Legal Studies &amp; Business Skills</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Trattasi di un programma intensivo con &lt;strong&gt;30 lezioni settimanali&lt;/strong&gt;.  Il corso è pensato per coloro che hanno un&lt;strong&gt; livello minimo pari a  IELTS 6.0 o C1&lt;/strong&gt;, che necessitano di migliorare l'inglese  giuridico e commerciale.
Gli obiettivi del corso sono i seguenti:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Sviluppo delle abilità comunicative in ambito giuridico e del  lessico specialistico&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Comprensione delle attuali teorie del diritto&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Conoscenza del diritto internazionale e  commerciale e procedure  giuridiche&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Sviluppo delle competenze di comunicazione aziendale inerenti ad  un ambiente di lavoro moderno.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;p&gt;Il corso comprende:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;table style="width: 560px; height: 551px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1"&gt;     &lt;tbody&gt;         &lt;tr&gt;             &lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Legal English&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;             &lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;Business Skills&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;/tr&gt;         &lt;tr&gt;             &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;20 lezioni settimanali &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;             &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;10 lezioni settimanali&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;/tr&gt;         &lt;tr&gt;             &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;Lezioni vertono su i  seguenti argomenti:
            &lt;/span&gt;             &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;introduction to UK  &amp;amp; EU law
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;public international  law
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;conflict of laws
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;commercial &amp;amp;  consumer law
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;law of sale of goods
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;contract law
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;corporate criminal  law
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;human rights
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;law &amp;amp; justice
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;current affairs &amp;amp;  the law
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;Preparation for the  ILEC examination
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;drafting legal  documents &amp;amp; letters understanding legal documents
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;legal negotiations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;client interviews
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;building specialist  vocabulary &amp;amp; pronunciation skills&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;             &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;             &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;             &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;             &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;             &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;             &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;             &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;             &lt;/td&gt;             &lt;td&gt;             &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;Lezioni vertono su i  seguenti argomenti:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;             &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;e-mail&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;letters &amp;amp; memos
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;effective reports&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;action minutes
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;effective CVs &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;business profiles  &amp;amp; structure
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;organograms
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;effective openings  structure &amp;amp; delivery
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;dealing with  questions &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;using visual aids
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;planning, organising  &amp;amp; setting targets facilitating meetings
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;handling discussions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;achieving consensus
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;networking &amp;amp;  building relationships
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;taking to the phone  &amp;amp; leaving messages &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;making arrangements
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;checking, clarifying  &amp;amp; problem solving &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;teleconferencing
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;customer support &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;making enquiries
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;formal &amp;amp; informal  conversations
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;bidding &amp;amp;  bargaining &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt; win-win &amp;amp;  closing
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;diplomatic language&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt; tactics
                &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 11px;"&gt;making a proposa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;             &lt;/td&gt;         &lt;/tr&gt;     &lt;/tbody&gt; &lt;/table&gt; &lt;p&gt;
Il corso combina studio di casi e discussione su problematiche  giuridiche e commerciali.
Il programma si svolge dal 27 giugno al 16 settembre ed ha una durata di  2/12 settimane.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sono previste,i inoltre, visite guidate presso la &lt;strong&gt;Bournemouth   Magistrates' and Crown Courts, Royal Courts of Justice e la Old Bailey   a  Londra&lt;/strong&gt; (il costo non è incluso nel prezzo del corso e sono  soggette a  disponibiltà).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Età studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; minimo 17 anni&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max 12 per classe&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. lezioni: &lt;/strong&gt;30 lezioni settimanali&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio corsi: &lt;/strong&gt;ogni lunedì dal 27/06/11 al  16/09/11&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata: &lt;/strong&gt;2-12 settimane&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo: £275&lt;/strong&gt; a settimana&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/494-bbsi-scuola-di-inglese-a-bournemouth?start=2" onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');  return false"&gt;Alloggi&lt;/a&gt;  | &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/494-bbsi-scuola-di-inglese-a-bournemouth" onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');  return false"&gt;Info  scuola&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/494-bbsi-scuola-di-inglese-a-bournemouth?start=3" onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');  return false"&gt;Extra  &lt;/a&gt;| &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');  return false"&gt;Contattaci  e Prenota&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');  return false"&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-4052792981668714950?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/4052792981668714950/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=4052792981668714950' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4052792981668714950'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4052792981668714950'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/05/legal-studies-business-skills.html' title='Legal Studies &amp; Business Skills'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-918089591583609241</id><published>2011-03-31T11:10:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-03-31T11:14:39.168-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='esame'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='certificazione ilec'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='centro executive'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='londra'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ilec'/><title type='text'>ILEC Preparation Course a Londra</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Trattasi di un &lt;strong&gt;corso intensivo&lt;/strong&gt; (pari a &lt;strong&gt;30  lezioni settimanali&lt;/strong&gt;) ideale per &lt;strong&gt;studenti di  Giurisprudenza e giovani avvocati &lt;/strong&gt;che desiderano dimostrare la  propria conoscenza della lingua inglese o che hanno bisogno di un &lt;strong&gt;titolo  riconosciuto a livello internazionale&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;L'esame ILEC è riconosciuto dalle principali associazioni di giuristi  compreso la European Company Lawyers Association, la European Law  Students Association, la International Association of Young Lawyers e la  European Young Bar Association. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Il corso si concentra su:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;riunioni e dibattiti&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;trattative&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;comunicazione telefonica&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;fare presentazioni&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;avvocatura&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;stesura di note e promemoria&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;diritto societario&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;contratti&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;diritto della Proprietà&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;proprietà intellettuale&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;vendita di beni, ecc.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;Il corso ha l'obiettivo di:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;ampliare il lessico giuridico,&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;sviluppare le capacità di ascolto&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;migliorare la pronuncia&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;aumentare la fiducia&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;acquisire strategie efficaci di apprendimento.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;p&gt;I punti di forza del corso sono: &lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;classi  piccole&lt;/strong&gt; formate da &lt;strong&gt;max 6  studenti&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ambiente  dedicato&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');  return false" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/47-corsi-di-inglese-per-scopi-specifici/459-corsi-executive-alla-international-house-a-londra"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;"Executive  Centre"&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, pensato e  realizzato per accogliere  professionisti da tutto il mondo&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max  6 per classe
   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Età minima:&lt;/strong&gt; 21  anni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello:&lt;/strong&gt; da  Upper Intermediate
   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata: &lt;/strong&gt;3  settimane
   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio corsi:&lt;/strong&gt;  26/04/11
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Prezzo: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;£2890&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/403-international-house-london?start=2" target="_blank"&gt;Alloggi&lt;/a&gt;  | &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/403-international-house-london" target="_blank"&gt;Info  scuola&lt;/a&gt; |&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/403-international-house-london?start=3" target="_blank"&gt;  Extra&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" target="_blank"&gt;Contattaci  e Prenota&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-918089591583609241?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/45-corsi-per-la-certificazione/462-esame-ilec-alla-international-house-a-londra' title='ILEC Preparation Course a Londra'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/918089591583609241/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=918089591583609241' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/918089591583609241'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/918089591583609241'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/03/ilec-preparation-course.html' title='ILEC Preparation Course a Londra'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-8920779492546030380</id><published>2011-03-25T09:22:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-03-25T09:34:44.640-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='general english'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese generale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='corsi in lingua'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='scozia'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='glasgow'/><title type='text'>Offerta incredibile per i corsi di General English</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;La &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;LIVE Language &lt;/span&gt; è una scuola di Glasgow di piccole dimensioni (questo le permette  di concentrarsi sulle  esigenze dei singoli studenti). Il servizio offerto è professionale e  tempestivo e dispone di  un team di insegnanti altamente qualificati.
Presso questo centro si sono iscritti studenti provenienti da ben 37  paesi stranieri, dando l'opportunità di formare  classi con un buon mix  di nazionalità! I corsi sono destinati a studenti di &lt;strong&gt;età  superiore ai 16 a&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;nni&lt;/strong&gt;. La scuola si trova in&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Charing Cross,  vicino alla  Glasgow University e al West End, con la sua università,  musei, negozi, ristoranti e bar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Glasgow&lt;/strong&gt; è una città  vivace ed è stata città europea della cultura nel 1990. Ospita una vasta  gamma di musei (con ingresso gratuito), gallerie d'arte, mostre, Royal  Scottish National Orchestra, Scottish Opera e Scottish Ballet e  numerosi teatri e sale da concerto. Dista soli 40 minuti dalla capitale -  Edimburgo e 30 minuti dalle Highlands. Glasgow è nota per il calore e  l'ospitalità della gente ed è considerata "la città più amichevole della  Scozia".&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/en/Residents/ArtsDevelopment/festivalsandevents.htm"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;Festivals and Events 2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La scuola offre un opportunità incredibile a tutti gli studenti che  desiderano iscriversi ad un &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;corso di General English&lt;/span&gt; in estate&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; pacchetto &lt;strong&gt;full inclusive  (tutto compreso)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;  a soli &lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);"&gt;£215 a settimana! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;L'offerta è valida &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;dal &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;03/07/11 al 04/09/11&lt;/strong&gt; e comprende:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;sistemazione presso residence in camera singola +  uso della  cucina&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;quota  di iscrizione&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;lezioni  di General English&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;libro di testo e materiale didattico&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;test   di ingresso&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;consulenza&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;accesso ad Internet e  connessione Wi-Fi gratuita&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;attestato di fine corso&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;table style="width: 538px; height: 36px;" border="2" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1"&gt;     &lt;tbody&gt;         &lt;tr&gt;             &lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A SOLI £215 A  SETTIMANA
            &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;         &lt;/tr&gt;     &lt;/tbody&gt; &lt;/table&gt; &lt;p&gt;Non lasciarti sfuggire questa opportunità! &lt;strong&gt;Un prezzo così non  si è mai  visto prima!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Per maggiori informazioni sulla promozione &lt;a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/58-special-offers/476-offerta-corso-estivo-a-glasgow?start=1"&gt;clicca qui&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');  return false" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/282-scuola-di-inglese-a-glasgow?start=2"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;Alloggi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt; |&lt;a onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');  return false" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/282-scuola-di-inglese-a-glasgow"&gt;    Info scuola&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');  return false" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/282-scuola-di-inglese-a-glasgow?start=3"&gt;Extra    &lt;/a&gt;| &lt;a onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');  return false" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci"&gt;Contattaci   e  Prenota&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-8920779492546030380?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/58-special-offers/476-offerta-corso-estivo-a-glasgow' title='Offerta incredibile per i corsi di General English'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/8920779492546030380/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=8920779492546030380' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8920779492546030380'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8920779492546030380'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/03/offerta-incredibile-per-i-corsi-di.html' title='Offerta incredibile per i corsi di General English'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-1045053801608614939</id><published>2011-03-23T09:09:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-03-23T09:32:25.566-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='studenti di giurisprudenza'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='esame'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='avvocati'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='certificazione ilec'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='bournemouth'/><title type='text'>Corsi estivi di Legal English a Bournemouth</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="messageBody"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Iscrizioni aperte&lt;/span&gt; per i corsi estivi di &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Legal  English&lt;/span&gt; presso la scuola di Bournemouth per studenti di Giurisprudenza, neo-laureati e  giovani avvocati.
Il programma &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;si svolge dal 27 giugno al 16 settembre  2011&lt;/span&gt; ed ha una &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;durata minima di  2 settimane&lt;/span&gt;.  Punto di forza: corsi di ottimà qualità a prezzi  accessibili.
E' possibile scegliere tra due opzioni:
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/510-corso-di-inglese-legale-a-bournemouth"&gt;LEGAL STUDIES&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/511-corso-di-legal-english-e-business-a-bournemouth"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;LEGAL STUDIES + BUSINESS SKILLS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;Per entrambi i corsi vi è la possibilità&lt;span class="messageBody"&gt; di preparare  l'&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;esame ILEC&lt;/span&gt;.

&lt;/span&gt;Sono previste, inoltre, &lt;strong&gt;visite guidate presso la Bournemouth  Magistrates' and Crown Courts, Royal Courts of Justice e la Old Bailey  a  Londra &lt;/strong&gt;(il costo non è incluso nel prezzo del corso e sono  soggette a disponibiltà).

Per maggiori dettagli &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci"&gt;contattaci&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-1045053801608614939?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/1045053801608614939/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=1045053801608614939' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1045053801608614939'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1045053801608614939'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/03/corsi-estivi-di-legal-english.html' title='Corsi estivi di Legal English a Bournemouth'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-3843907309958932414</id><published>2011-03-23T07:30:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-03-23T07:38:03.843-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='bournemouth'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='scuola'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese'/><title type='text'>Legal English a Bournemouth</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;h2 style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;img style="width: 213px; height: 157px;" src="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/images/stories/southcoast-map.jpg" alt="" align="left" /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bournemouth &lt;/strong&gt;è situata  nella &lt;strong&gt;contea di Dorset&lt;/strong&gt; nell' Inghilterra meridionale.  E' famosa per il suo clima mite e per le spiagge di sabbia dorata, che  si estendono su oltre sette miglia.&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p&gt;Città universitaria e cosmopolita è ricca di splendidi parchi,  giardini, cinema, teatri, locali  notturni,  bar e ristoranti. C'è  sempre qualcosa da fare e da vedere a Bournemouth!&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Il Bournemouth  International Airport ha  voli giornalieri per Regno Unito e in  numerose destinazioni europee.        
&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;La Scuola di  inglese è  &lt;strong&gt;altamente accreditata&lt;/strong&gt;.  E' aperta tutto l’anno e offre un ambiente di apprendimento amichevole,  ottime strutture accademiche ed un’atmosfera informale.&lt;img src="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/images/stories/images2.jpg" alt="" align="left" /&gt;
Offre &lt;strong&gt;formazione di ottima qualità &lt;/strong&gt;e  una serie di corsi di inglese a diversi livelli e un’ampia gamma di  programmi di studio specializzati e professionali dal  livello di certificato fino a quello di diploma nonché corsi di  preparazione universitaria e pre-Master nelle materie più popolari.  Tutti i corsi offrono agli studenti l’opportunità di ottenere preziose  qualificazioni accademiche, e/o professionali di lingua  inglese.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;E' situata in centro a soli 5 minuti  dalla spiaggia e negozi. Dotata di un centro di studi moderno e ben  attrezzato, incluso connessione wi-fi.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Per maggiori dettagli su corsi offerti e sistemazioni &lt;a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/494-bbsi-scuola-di-inglese-a-bournemouth"&gt;clicca qui&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-3843907309958932414?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/494-bbsi-scuola-di-inglese-a-bournemouth' title='Legal English a Bournemouth'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/3843907309958932414/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=3843907309958932414' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3843907309958932414'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3843907309958932414'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/03/legal-english-bournemouth.html' title='Legal English a Bournemouth'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-8837578477660879441</id><published>2011-03-18T09:35:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-03-18T10:33:47.116-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='studenti di giurisprudenza'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='stage'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='avvocati'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='tirocinio'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='intership'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='londra'/><title type='text'>Internship a Londra</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;I programmi di &lt;strong&gt;internship &lt;/strong&gt;sono&lt;strong&gt; ideati per  soddisfare le esigenze degli studenti &lt;/strong&gt;di ogni età e  provenienza. Sono progettati per lo&lt;strong&gt; sviluppo della carriera&lt;/strong&gt;  di ciascun partecipante. La scuola è leader mondiale per la realizzazione di tirocini presso aziende. Ha vinto nel 2008, 2009 e 2010 la &lt;strong&gt;Language Travel Magazine Star  Awards&lt;/strong&gt; per le work experience. E' partner di ben &lt;strong&gt;5000 aziende  in tutti i settori e professioni&lt;/strong&gt;.
Lo stage consente ai partecipanti di sviluppare le  &lt;strong&gt;competenze  professionali&lt;/strong&gt;, migliorare il livello di Inglese, aumentare le &lt;strong&gt;opportunità di lavoro&lt;/strong&gt; e la  consapevolezza degli affari internazionali.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Ciascun candidato viene inserito in azienda in base ai propri  progetti e titoli di studio e viene assegnato un &lt;strong&gt;tutor esperto&lt;/strong&gt;  che lo aiuterà e fornirà il sostegno necessario per tutta la durata del  programma.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Tra i vari programmi di internship proposti dalla scuola, quelli che riguardano il  &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;settore giuridico  &lt;/span&gt;sono: &lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/59-studia-e-lavora/504-stage-a-londra-per-intermediate-level" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;INTERMEDIATE INTERNSHIP&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/59-studia-e-lavora/505-stage-per-advanced-level-a-londra-con-twin-group"&gt;EXECUTIVE INTERNSHIP&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Per vedere  degli esempi di aziende e/o studi legali&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;dove lo studente o il neolaureato di giurisprudenza potrebbe essere  collocato clicca qui:
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/59-studia-e-lavora/504-stage-a-londra-per-intermediate-level?start=1"&gt;ESEMPIO_1  &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/59-studia-e-lavora/505-stage-per-advanced-level-a-londra-con-twin-group?start=1"&gt;ESEMPIO_2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/501-scuola-di-inglese-twin-group" target="_blank"&gt;Info scuola&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" target="_blank"&gt;Contattaci e Prenota&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-8837578477660879441?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/59-studia-e-lavora/503-internship-a-londra-con-twin-group' title='Internship a Londra'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/8837578477660879441/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=8837578477660879441' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8837578477660879441'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8837578477660879441'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/03/internship-londra-scuola.html' title='Internship a Londra'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-3885880785125212952</id><published>2011-03-08T11:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-03-08T11:19:31.549-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='studenti di giurisprudenza'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='corsi in lingua'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='avvocati'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='centro executive'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='scuola'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='londra'/><title type='text'>London School of English - Scuola di Inglese a Londra</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;p&gt;La scuola, &lt;strong&gt;fondata nel 1912&lt;/strong&gt;,  è specializzata nella &lt;strong&gt;formazione di uomini d'affari e  professionisti a livello internazionale.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Ha due sedi situate in un'ottima  posizione:&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Holland Park Gardens e Westcroft Square. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Holland  Park&lt;/strong&gt;  è una  delle &lt;span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"&gt;più esclusive zone residenziali di Londra&lt;/span&gt;, a soli 20 minuti dal  cuore della città e dieci minuti a  piedi da Notting Hill. La scuola è  situata in uno splendido edificio in stile classico, completamente  ristrutturato e climatizzato.
Grazie all'orario di apertura (dalle 8:00 alle 20:00, dal lunedì al  venerdì), il centro offre numerose opportunità per usufruire delle  strutture di studio.
La presenza di diverse nazionalità è un fattore importante. In media,  ogni anno, nel centro di Holland Park Gardens sono presenti studenti di  più di 50 nazionalità.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Westcroft Square &lt;/strong&gt;è  situata in una bella zona residenziale, tra Chiswick e Hammersmith.   Nelle vicinanze vi sono numerosi ristoranti, caffetterie, bar e negozi, e  la scuola si trova a pochi passi dal Tamigi. La stazione della  metropolitana di Stamford Brook è proprio dietro l'angolo e il centro di  Londra è raggiungibile in meno di 20 minuti. La sede è centro esami.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;London School of English&lt;/strong&gt;  è accreditata dal &lt;strong&gt;British Council&lt;/strong&gt; ed è membra dell'&lt;strong&gt;EnglishUK,  Quality English e IALC&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;strong&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Offre a suoi studenti diversi servizi:
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ristoro:&lt;/strong&gt; La  scuola ha un  eccellente ristorante. Oltre al pranzo, nella pausa di  metà mattina  potrete gustare dolci, yogurt, frutta e succhi di frutta.  Inoltre ad  allietare la giornata ci sarà una selezione gratuita di tè e  caffè  misti tutti il giorni dalle 08:30 - 17:00.
   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Servizi multimediali: &lt;/strong&gt;nella  scuola sono presenti  aree informatiche che offrono accesso gratuito a  Internet ad alta  velocità, con il supporto di software  in tutte le  principali lingue  europee. Sono offerti servizi di fax e fotocopie  oltre che un vasto  assortimento di libri e riviste.
   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aule moderne:&lt;/strong&gt; in  tutte le aule sono presenti ,inoltre, proiettori multimediali,   impianti audio-video.
   Se siete in possesso di un portatile l'intero edificio è abilitato  alla  connessione wireless in modo da poter accedere a Internet in  qualsiasi  posizione interna all'edificio. Lo staff tecnico della scuola  può  fornire assistenza in caso di problemi di accesso a Internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Quali corsi è possibile frequentare alla London School of English? &lt;a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/112-london-school-of-english?start=1"&gt;Clicca qui&lt;/a&gt; per vedere l'elenco completo dei corsi offerti dalla scuola.

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci"&gt;Contattaci &lt;/a&gt;per maggiori info.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-3885880785125212952?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/112-london-school-of-english' title='London School of English - Scuola di Inglese a Londra'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/3885880785125212952/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=3885880785125212952' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3885880785125212952'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3885880785125212952'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/03/london-school-of-english-scuola-di.html' title='London School of English - Scuola di Inglese a Londra'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-3729295004925449881</id><published>2011-02-28T10:15:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-28T10:22:21.820-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='studenti di giurisprudenza'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cambridge'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='certificazione'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='avvocati'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ilec'/><title type='text'>Preparazione esame ILEC</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Sono aperte le iscrizioni per il corso di preparazione all'&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;esame ILEC&lt;/span&gt; che si terrà a &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Cambridge&lt;/span&gt; il &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;04/04/11.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;L'esame &lt;strong&gt;ILEC&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;International Legal English  Certificate&lt;/strong&gt;) è una certificazione riconosciuta dal Cambridge e  spendibile nel settore forense. La preparazione di questo esame offre la  possibilità di confrontarsi con un lessico specialistico tipico del  diritto contrattuale e diritto di impresa.

Questo corso è rivolto a studenti di giurisprudenza o per giovani  avvocati che esercitano la professione.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Il corso ha due obiettivi principali:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;sviluppo di competenze in inglese generale e  pratica per il   superamento dell'esame&lt;strong&gt; ILEC &lt;/strong&gt;(15 ore a settimana)&lt;strong&gt;
  &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;p&gt;preparare gli studenti di giurisprudenza e gli avvocati in tre aree  specifiche: &lt;strong&gt;diritto civile, diritto contrattuale e sistemi  giuridici&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N° studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max   12 per classe
  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N° lezioni: &lt;/strong&gt;25    ore (60 min) + 10 ore di tutoraggio a settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello:&lt;/strong&gt; da  Upper Intermediate
  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio corsi:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; 04/04/11
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Date esami:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;table style="width: 218px; height: 69px;" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"&gt;         &lt;tbody&gt;             &lt;tr&gt;                 &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Esame scritto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                  &lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;14/05/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                              &lt;/tr&gt;             &lt;tr&gt;                 &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Esame orale&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                                  &lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;dal 6 al 16/05/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                              &lt;/tr&gt;         &lt;/tbody&gt;     &lt;/table&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata: &lt;/strong&gt;6  settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;£2034&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt; + tassa iscrizione esame approx. &lt;strong&gt;£165&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;a onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');  return false" href="http://www.cambridgeacademy.co.uk/popups/tt_law.html"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Timetable&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/131-scuola-di-inglese-a-cambridge?start=3" target="_blank"&gt;Alloggi &lt;/a&gt;|&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/131-scuola-di-inglese-a-cambridge" target="_blank"&gt; Info Scuola&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/131-scuola-di-inglese-a-cambridge?start=4" target="_blank"&gt;Extra &lt;/a&gt;| &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" target="_blank"&gt;Contattaci e Prenota  &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-3729295004925449881?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/119-preparazione-esame-ilec-a-cambridge' title='Preparazione esame ILEC'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/3729295004925449881/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=3729295004925449881' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3729295004925449881'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3729295004925449881'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/02/preparazione-esame-ilec.html' title='Preparazione esame ILEC'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-7209386905145660010</id><published>2011-02-17T10:14:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-17T10:16:46.094-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>Elenco dei corsi di Legal English che partiranno a Marzo 2011:

&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/461-inglese-legale-alla-international-house-a-londra"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;English for International  Lawyers a Londra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Facilities: ambiente dedicato&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/47-corsi-di-inglese-per-scopi-specifici/459-corsi-executive-alla-international-house-a-londra" onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');     return false"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;"Executive Centre"&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N.  studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max  6 per classe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Età minima:&lt;/strong&gt; 21  anni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;N. lezioni:&lt;/span&gt;  30 lezioni settimanali
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello:&lt;/strong&gt; da  Upper Intermediate
  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Durata:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt; 1 settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio  corsi:&lt;/strong&gt;  14/03/11
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo: £950&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/343-legal-english-a-oxford"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;General + Legal English a Oxford&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max 6 studenti  (per le lezioni di  Legal English)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello: &lt;/strong&gt;da Intermediate ad  Advanced&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N.  lezioni: &lt;/strong&gt;20 lezioni General English + 10  lezioni Legal English  a settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio  corsi:&lt;/strong&gt; 07/03/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata:  &lt;/strong&gt;2 settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo:  £660&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/85-inglese-legale-per-avvocati-commerciali-con-la-london-school-of-english"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Inglese Legale per Avvocati commerciali a  Londra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N.  studenti: &lt;/strong&gt;max  6 per classe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. lezioni:&lt;/strong&gt; 30  ore a  settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello:&lt;/strong&gt;  da  Upper Intermediate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata:&lt;/strong&gt;  1  settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio  corsi: &lt;/strong&gt;  07/03/11
  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo: £1050 &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/84-inglese-legale-per-avvocaticertif-toles-a-londra-rif-364"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;Inglese Legale +  Certificazione TOLES a Londra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. studenti:  &lt;/strong&gt;max 10  per  classe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Età minima:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt; 20 anni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N.  lezioni: &lt;/strong&gt;24  ore di  lezione a settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello:  &lt;/strong&gt;da  Intermediate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata:&lt;/strong&gt;  3  settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio  corsi: 21/03/11&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Prezzo: £1260&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Al termine del programma è  possibile  frequentare un corso della &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;durata di 1  settimana &lt;/span&gt;per la  preparazione all'&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;esame TOLES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;strong&gt;£420  &lt;/strong&gt;+ tassa di ammissione esame &lt;strong&gt;£120&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci"&gt;Contattaci&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;  &lt;/strong&gt;per  maggiori informazioni &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-7209386905145660010?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/7209386905145660010/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=7209386905145660010' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/7209386905145660010'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/7209386905145660010'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/02/elenco-dei-corsi-di-legal-english-che.html' title=''/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-2453580858542527192</id><published>2011-02-10T08:44:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-10T08:45:15.806-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='toles'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='certificazione'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='londra'/><title type='text'>Corso di inglese legale + certificazione Toles a Londra</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="post-header"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="art-article"&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/images/stories/london_school_english_for_lawyers_web.jpg" alt="" align="left" /&gt;Il corso è  &lt;strong&gt;strutturato in maniera   flessibile&lt;/strong&gt;: modalità ed  argomenti variano secondo le &lt;strong&gt;esigenze   dei partecipanti&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le finalità  del corso sono:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;migliorare la propria  conoscenza di base dell'inglese  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;migliorare la propria  confidenza nell'uso della lingua  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;migliorare la scioltezza e la  comprensione della lingua in un  contesto legale &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;ampliare il  proprio vocabolario, specialmente in contesto   giuridico  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;migliorare  la flessibilità della lingua, riconoscere e   correggere i propri  problemi linguistici &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;avere maggiore confidenza con i sistemi e  metodi legali, la   legge Inglese ed il sistema giuridico della Comunità  Europea&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N.  studenti:  &lt;/strong&gt;max  10 per classe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;Età minima:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt; 20 anni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N.  lezioni: &lt;/strong&gt;24  ore di lezione a settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello: &lt;/strong&gt;da  Intermediate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata:&lt;/strong&gt; 3  settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio corsi:  14/02/11&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;£1260&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TOLES&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;La certificazione TOLES permette ad   avvocati e studenti di legge di avere una comprovata abilità    nell'affrontare - in lingua inglese - la normale routine di un ufficio    legale.
Si tratta di un test di natura molto pratica che appura la  conoscenza   dell'inglese legale correntemente in uso.
La lingua e  terminologia testate dal TOLES riguardano le transazioni    internazionali commerciali del mercato globale.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;Al termine del Young Lawyers Course è   possibile frequentare un corso della durata di 1 settimana per la   preparazione all'esame.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;£420  &lt;/strong&gt;+ tassa di  ammissione esame &lt;strong&gt;£120&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/112-london-school-of-english?start=2"&gt;Alloggi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; | &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/112-london-school-of-english"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Info   scuola &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;|&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/112-london-school-of-english?start=3" target="_blank"&gt; Extra &lt;/a&gt;| &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contattaci   e Prenota&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-2453580858542527192?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/84-inglese-legale-per-avvocaticertif-toles-a-londra-rif-364' title='Corso di inglese legale + certificazione Toles a Londra'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/2453580858542527192/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=2453580858542527192' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/2453580858542527192'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/2453580858542527192'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/02/corso-di-inglese-legale-certificazione.html' title='Corso di inglese legale + certificazione Toles a Londra'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-5326275913369689026</id><published>2011-01-24T11:05:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-24T11:16:39.900-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='avvocato penalista'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='full immersion'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='criminal Lawyers'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='londra'/><title type='text'>Corso Full Immersion di Inglese legale per Criminal Lawyers</title><content type='html'>&lt;h3 class="UIIntentionalStory_Message" ft="{&amp;quot;type&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;msg&amp;quot;}"&gt;&lt;span class="UIIntentionalStory_Names" ft="{&amp;quot;type&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;name&amp;quot;}"&gt;                       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;" class="UIStory_Message"&gt;Proposta  interessante per avvocati penalisti: disponibilità di un  corso di Inglese legale per Criminal Lawyers a Londra (zona Bromley) con il programma Vivi e studia a casa del tuo insegnante. &lt;/span&gt;E' un occasione davvero unica per&lt;strong style="font-weight: normal;"&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;immergersi  completamente  nello studio del Legal English. Lo studente avrà la possibilità di &lt;strong style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;vivere  a casa di un avvocato penalista&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;di ricevere lezioni  personalizzate&lt;/strong&gt;  e utilizzare la lingua durante tutta la durata  del soggiorno 
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h3 style="font-weight: bold;" class="UIIntentionalStory_Message" ft="{&amp;quot;type&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;msg&amp;quot;}"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;" class="UIStory_Message"&gt; The teacher has several cou&lt;span class="text_exposed_hide"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="text_exposed_show"&gt;rt cases in progress that she is happy to  take the student to – The student can spend time in the court room and  experience the entire day in an English court. The teacher and student  will discuss the events during lessons of course.&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contattaci&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; per maggiori informazioni oppure &lt;a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/334-vivi-e-studia-a-casa-dellinsegnante"&gt;clicca qui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-5326275913369689026?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/' title='Corso Full Immersion di Inglese legale per Criminal Lawyers'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/5326275913369689026/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=5326275913369689026' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5326275913369689026'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5326275913369689026'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/01/corso-full-immersion-di-inglese-legale.html' title='Corso Full Immersion di Inglese legale per Criminal Lawyers'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-8488173701610683962</id><published>2011-01-24T09:34:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-24T09:53:51.784-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='studenti di giurisprudenza'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='law'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='centro executive'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='londra'/><title type='text'>Corso di Inglese legale a Londra</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="art-article"&gt; &lt;p&gt;Il 14/02/11 inizierà un &lt;strong&gt;corso intensivo&lt;/strong&gt; di Legal English (pari a &lt;strong&gt;30  lezioni a settimana&lt;/strong&gt;) specifico &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;per  neo-laureati di  Giurisprudenza&lt;/span&gt;  o &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;giovani praticanti&lt;/span&gt; che hanno bisogno di migliorare le  proprie competenze linguistiche.
Il programma è incentrato sullo sviluppo delle capacità linguistiche dei  partecipanti, al fine di utilizzare l'inglese in modo preciso ed  efficace in ambito lavorativo.
Gli argomenti trattati sono:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;comprensione dei testi giuridici&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;meeting, trattative e discussioni in un contesto giuridico&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;scrittura e/o sintesi di contratti&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;telefonare&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;fare presentazioni&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;fare consulenza&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;avvocatura&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;p&gt;I punti di forza del corso sono: &lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;classi piccole&lt;/strong&gt; formate da &lt;strong&gt;max 6  studenti&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ambiente dedicato&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/47-corsi-di-inglese-per-scopi-specifici/459-corsi-executive-alla-international-house-a-londra" onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');  return false"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;"Executive Centre"&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, pensato e  realizzato per accogliere professionisti da tutto il mondo&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;scuola ubicata al centro di Londra.
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max  6 per classe
  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Età minima:&lt;/strong&gt; 21  anni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello:&lt;/strong&gt; da  Upper Intermediate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Durata: &lt;/span&gt;1 settimana
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio corsi:&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;14/02/11
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Prezzo: £950&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/403-international-house-london?start=2"&gt;Alloggi&lt;/a&gt;   | &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/403-international-house-london"&gt;Info   scuola&lt;/a&gt; |&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/403-international-house-london?start=3"&gt;   Extra&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci"&gt;Contattaci  e  Prenota&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-8488173701610683962?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/8488173701610683962/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=8488173701610683962' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8488173701610683962'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8488173701610683962'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/01/corso-di-inglese-legale-londra.html' title='Corso di Inglese legale a Londra'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-4095324961915703716</id><published>2011-01-20T07:50:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-20T08:04:32.935-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='toles'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Commercial'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cambridge'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='law'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='scuola'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='English'/><title type='text'>Cambridge Law Studio - Scuola specializzata nell'insegnamento dell'Inglese legale</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/images/stories/law%20studio%20lesson.jpg" align="left" /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La Cambridge Law Studio&lt;/strong&gt; è considerata una  delle &lt;strong&gt;scuole più affidabili e di successo &lt;/strong&gt;per i corsi  di &lt;strong&gt;International Legal English e  English Commercial Law&lt;/strong&gt;.  E' stata istituita nel 1999 ed è membra dell' International Division of  the Law Society di Inghilterra e Galles.

La scuola &lt;strong&gt;ha collaborato con avvocati e traduttori di importanti  società &lt;/strong&gt; come KPMG, Sony Ericsson e Daimler Chrysler, con  studi  legali privati, con banche internazionali, &lt;strong&gt;con la   European Court of Justice&lt;/strong&gt; ed ha provveduto alla formazione di  insegnanti di  varie organizzazioni tra cui il British Council.
La scuola fornisce sostegno formativo di altissimo livello  a giuristi  internazionali e studenti di giurisprudenza provenienti da tutto il  mondo che hanno bisogno di studiare la lingua e il diritto inglese per  il proprio sviluppo professionale.
Tutti i partecipanti vengono  preparati nel miglior modo possibile per  poter lavorare in un qualsiasi contesto giuridico.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le lezioni sono svolte presso il  Girton College&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;img src="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/images/stories/law%20studio%20classroom.jpg" alt="" align="right" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Punti di forza della scuola sono:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;centro di eccellenza specializzato &lt;strong&gt;esclusivamente &lt;/strong&gt;per  l&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;'insegnamento dell'inglese legale&lt;/span&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;insegnanti altamente qualificati sia nel settore giuridico che  in quello didattico;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;metodo di insegnamento efficace per ottenere grandi risultati in  tempi brevi;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;possibilità di preparare il &lt;strong&gt;TOLES Advanced exam.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a onclick="window.open(this.href,'','resizable=yes,location=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,status=no,toolbar=no,fullscreen=no,dependent=no,status');   return false" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci"&gt;Contattaci&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;per ricevere maggiori informazioni circa i corsi e le sistemazioni offerte, oppure visita il sito &lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/"&gt;www.soluzioniformative.eu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-4095324961915703716?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/438-cambridge-law-studio' title='Cambridge Law Studio - Scuola specializzata nell&apos;insegnamento dell&apos;Inglese legale'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/4095324961915703716/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=4095324961915703716' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4095324961915703716'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4095324961915703716'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/01/cambridge-law-studio-scuola.html' title='Cambridge Law Studio - Scuola specializzata nell&apos;insegnamento dell&apos;Inglese legale'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-4791832157333665336</id><published>2011-01-17T09:40:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-17T09:45:51.286-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='toles'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='certificazione'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='esame'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='londra'/><title type='text'>Inglese Legale + Certificazione TOLES</title><content type='html'>Manca meno di un mese all'inizio del corso di Inglese Legale a Londra.
Il programma si rivolge a giovani avvocati che desiderano ampliare le proprie conoscenze e conseguire la certificazione TOLES.

Il corso è  &lt;strong&gt;strutturato in maniera flessibile&lt;/strong&gt;:  modalità ed  argomenti variano secondo le &lt;strong&gt;esigenze dei  partecipanti&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le finalità del corso sono:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;migliorare la propria conoscenza di base dell'inglese  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;migliorare la propria confidenza nell'uso della lingua  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;migliorare la scioltezza e la comprensione della lingua in un  contesto legale &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;ampliare il proprio vocabolario, specialmente in contesto   giuridico  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;migliorare la flessibilità della lingua, riconoscere e   correggere i propri problemi linguistici &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;avere maggiore confidenza con i sistemi e metodi legali, la   legge Inglese ed il sistema giuridico della Comunità Europea&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N. studenti:  &lt;/strong&gt;max  10 per classe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;Età minima:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt; 20 anni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N.  lezioni: &lt;/strong&gt;24  ore di lezione a settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello: &lt;/strong&gt;da  Intermediate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata:&lt;/strong&gt; 3  settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio corsi:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;table style="width: 523px; height: 77px;" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1"&gt;         &lt;tbody&gt;             &lt;tr&gt;                 &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;03/01/11-21/01/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                 &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;14/02/11-04/03/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                 &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;21/03/11-08/04/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                 &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;02/05/11-20/05/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;             &lt;/tr&gt;             &lt;tr&gt;                 &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;04/07/11-22/07/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                 &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;01/08/11-19/08/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                 &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;10/10/11-28/10/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;                 &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;21/11/11-09/12/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;             &lt;/tr&gt;         &lt;/tbody&gt;     &lt;/table&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;£1260&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TOLES&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"&gt;La certificazione TOLES permette ad  avvocati e studenti di legge di avere una comprovata abilità   nell'affrontare - in lingua inglese - la normale routine di un ufficio   legale.
Si tratta di un test di natura molto pratica che appura la conoscenza   dell'inglese legale correntemente in uso.
La lingua e terminologia testate dal TOLES riguardano le transazioni   internazionali commerciali del mercato globale.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"&gt;Al termine del &lt;/span&gt;Young Lawyers  Course è possibile frequentare un corso della durata di 1 settimana per  la preparazione all'esame.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 14px;"&gt;£420  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;+ tassa di ammissione esame &lt;strong&gt;£120&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/112-london-school-of-english?start=2" target="_blank"&gt;Alloggi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt; | &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/112-london-school-of-english" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Info scuola &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;|&lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/scuole-di-inglese-allestero/scuole-proposte/53-scuole-di-inglese/112-london-school-of-english?start=3"&gt;  Extra &lt;/a&gt;| &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/contattaci" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Contattaci e Prenota&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-4791832157333665336?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/84-inglese-legale-per-avvocaticertif-toles-a-londra-rif-364' title='Inglese Legale + Certificazione TOLES'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/4791832157333665336/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=4791832157333665336' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4791832157333665336'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4791832157333665336'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/01/inglese-legale-certificazione-toles.html' title='Inglese Legale + Certificazione TOLES'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-7420237954695119307</id><published>2011-01-17T09:36:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-01-17T09:40:20.153-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cambridge'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='esame'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ilec'/><title type='text'>Preparazione esame ILEC a Cambridge</title><content type='html'>&lt;h3 class="post-title entry-title"&gt; &lt;span style="font-weight: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;span&gt;Disponibilità limitata per il corso di Preparazione all'esame ILEC presso la CAE di Cambridge, che inizierà il 7  febbraio. Affrettati!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class="post-header"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p&gt;L'esame &lt;strong&gt;ILEC&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;International  Legal English  Certificate&lt;/strong&gt;) è una certificazione riconosciuta  dal Cambridge e  spendibile nel settore forense. La preparazione di  questo esame offre la  possibilità di confrontarsi con un lessico  specialistico tipico del  diritto contrattuale e diritto di impresa.

Questo  corso è rivolto a studenti di giurisprudenza o per giovani  avvocati  che esercitano la professione.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Il corso ha due obiettivi  principali:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;sviluppo di competenze in inglese generale e   pratica per il   superamento dell'esame&lt;strong&gt; ILEC &lt;/strong&gt;(15 ore a  settimana)&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;preparare gli studenti di  giurisprudenza e gli avvocati in tre aree  specifiche: &lt;strong&gt;diritto  civile, diritto contrattuale e sistemi  giuridici&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N° studenti:&lt;/strong&gt; max   12 per  classe
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N°  lezioni: &lt;/strong&gt;25    ore + 10 ore di tutoraggio a settimana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Livello:&lt;/strong&gt; da  Upper  Intermediate
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inizio  corsi:&lt;/strong&gt;  07/02/11&lt;strong&gt; -&lt;/strong&gt; 04/04/11 - 10/10/11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Durata: &lt;/strong&gt;6   settimane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12px;"&gt;Prezzo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  £2034&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-7420237954695119307?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.soluzioniformative.eu/joomla/corsi-di-inglese-allestero/50-inglese-legale/119-preparazione-esame-ilec-a-cambridge' title='Preparazione esame ILEC a Cambridge'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/7420237954695119307/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=7420237954695119307' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/7420237954695119307'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/7420237954695119307'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2011/01/preparazione-esame-ilec-cambridge.html' title='Preparazione esame ILEC a Cambridge'/><author><name>annalisa d'urso</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14841712991360817324</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-3851350068321356341</id><published>2010-11-06T09:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-11-06T09:52:34.570-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='formazione inglese'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='corsi in lingua'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='docenti inglese legale'/><title type='text'>Fiera avvocatura Europea</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Una conoscenza "advanced" della lingua inglese rappresenta un passaporto per entrare in determinati cerchi, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;stabilire possibili collaborazioni e future alleanze.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;L'Ordine degli Avvocati di Barcellona convoca la &lt;a style="font-weight: normal;" href="http://www.icab.cat/?go=eaf9d1a0ec5f1dc52cf3fa2987abd1f0c8159315b95186fea26faa220087ae544737ed348351ca2d"&gt;Prima Fiera dell’ Avvocatura&lt;/a&gt; Europea e dell’Arco Mediterraneo che si terrà a Barcellona dal 2 al 4 Febbraio 2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p  style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-size:130%;" &gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Più di trecento Ordini d’Avvocati provenienti da cinquantuno stati, sono convocati alla Fiera dell’Avvocatura Europea e dell’Arco Mediterraneo che avrà luogo nelle Drassanes de Barcelona, dal 2 al 4 febbraio.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Gli obiettivi:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;- Dinamizzare il settore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;- Collegare i diversi studi legali per stabilire possibili collaborazioni e future alleanze tra avvocati che abbiano in comune la volontà di internazionalizzarsi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;- Favorire sinergie.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;La Fiera dell’Avvocatura si svilupperà nell’ambito degli atti previsti in occasione della Festività di &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_of_Pe%C3%B1afort"&gt;Sant Raimon de Penyafor&lt;/a&gt;t, celebrazione che riunisce molti avvocati di tutto il mondo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" face="verdana" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);font-size:130%;" &gt;T&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"&gt;utti  gli ordini di avvocatura italiana sono stati invitati. Sarebbe  interessante raccogliere dei dati sul numero di rappresentanti italiani.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);font-size:130%;" &gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"  style="margin-bottom: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);font-size:130%;" &gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:130%;"  &gt;Siamo veramene pronti per confrontarci con altri 50 paesi o ancora una volta perdiamo "the chance of a life time"&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;color:olive;"  &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:10pt;color:olive;"   &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-3851350068321356341?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/3851350068321356341/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=3851350068321356341' title='1 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3851350068321356341'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3851350068321356341'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2010/11/fiera-avvocatura-europea.html' title='Fiera avvocatura Europea'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-8373974717358964176</id><published>2010-11-03T02:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-11-03T03:31:36.675-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='docenti inglese'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cambridge'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='formazione inglese'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='maria lombardi'/><title type='text'>David Crystal</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;What future for Legal English??
&lt;/em&gt;Let's ask &lt;a href="http://www.davidcrystal.com/"&gt;David Crystal &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;
&lt;a href="http://docs.google.com/a/iuraionica.net/viewer?a=v&amp;amp;pid=sites&amp;amp;srcid=aXVyYWlvbmljYS5uZXR8aW5nbGVzZWxlZ2FsZWl1cmF8Z3g6MzJlZTU4M2U4NmMyZjM4YQ"&gt;Cambridge Seminars&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;Cambridge University Press and Cambridge ESOL, in collaboration with The British School of Taranto, are pleased to invite you to a seminar on&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Future of Englishes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Monday 22 November 2010&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Appia Palace Hotel Hotel&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Strada Statale 7 Appia, Km 633 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Massafra&lt;/strong&gt; (TA)

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:130%;"&gt;David Crystal &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:130%;"&gt;Theresa Clementson &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:130%;"&gt;Thomas Christiansen
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-8373974717358964176?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/8373974717358964176/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=8373974717358964176' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8373974717358964176'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8373974717358964176'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2010/11/david-crystal.html' title='David Crystal'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-7815133038641978296</id><published>2010-10-18T07:55:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-10-23T14:04:35.316-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='foggia'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='docenti inglese legale'/><title type='text'>Workshop Language of legislation_Foggia</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;Venerdì &lt;strong&gt;29 ottobre&lt;/strong&gt; 2020, ore 9.30
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;
Aula VII, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Facoltà di Giurisprudenza dell’Università degli Studi di Foggia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;

&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;The language of legislation in the European Union
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Saluti del Preside della Facoltà, Marco Miletti &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Saluti del Direttore del Dipartimento di Scienze Giuridiche Privatistiche, Cinzia Motti &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speakers:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;William Robinson (Sir William Dale Visiting Professor at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London): Drafting EU legislation &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Colin Robertson (Lawyer-linguist, Council of the European Union, Brussels): EU legal English: a reviser’s perspective &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Barbara Pozzo (Professore Ordinario di Diritto Privato Comparato, Università dell’Insubria): The future of English as a lingua franca for European legislation &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Silvia Ferreri (Professore Ordinario di Diritto Privato Comparato, Università di Torino): A project in Europe - an experience as legal drafter &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Organizzatori: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://giur.unifg.it/index.php/troiano-onofrio/"&gt;Onofrio Troiano&lt;/a&gt;, docente di Diritto Privato, Università di Foggia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://giur.unifg.it/index.php/williams-christopher/"&gt;Christopher Williams&lt;/a&gt;, docente di lingua inglese, Università di Foggia
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-7815133038641978296?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/7815133038641978296/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=7815133038641978296' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/7815133038641978296'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/7815133038641978296'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2010/10/workshop-language-of-legislationfoggia.html' title='Workshop Language of legislation_Foggia'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-3988574455202162847</id><published>2010-05-20T11:21:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-05-20T16:17:57.065-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='toles'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='docenti inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ilec'/><title type='text'>Convegno internazionale inglese legale</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;CONVEGNO INTERNAZIONALE
INGLESE LEGALE
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Dal 17 al 19&lt;/span&gt; giugno a

&lt;br&gt;Santa Maria Capua Vetere - Caserta Italy


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

La facoltà di giurisprudenza di Santa Maria Capua Vetere (Law Faculty of the Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli) ospita la prima conferenza internazionale sul tema del &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;linguaggio del diritto&lt;/span&gt;.  L'evento è stato organizzato e coordinato dal prof. &lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Jerome Tessuto&lt;/span&gt;. L'obiettivo è quello di riunire linguisti, giuristi e operatori del settore, per esplorare le questioni che riguardano il linguaggio giuridico inglese così come quello di altre lingue europee ed extra-europee, in rapporto a culture e sistemi legali diversi.

&lt;br&gt;Papers riguarderanno aspetti del linguaggio e del diritto:

&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;    * power relations and ideology in the law&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;    * cross-cultural legal communication&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;    * pedagogy of legal language (LSP, ESP, EAP)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;    * legal translation and interpreting&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;    * forensic linguistics&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;    * plain language and the law&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Ci saranno "ospiti" illustri con un elevato spessore linguistico come &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Vijay J. Bhatia e Peter Tiersma.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;Per partecipare&lt;/span&gt; e maggiori dettagli sull'evento visita http://www.meetingwords.it/languageoflaw.asp


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Sponsored by:
&lt;br&gt;University Directorate of Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli
&lt;br&gt;Department of Legal Science
&lt;br&gt;Student Committee of the Law Faculty&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-3988574455202162847?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/3988574455202162847/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=3988574455202162847' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3988574455202162847'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3988574455202162847'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2010/05/convegno-internazionale-inglese-legale.html' title='Convegno internazionale inglese legale'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-3953975380949497354</id><published>2008-12-07T09:56:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-12-09T06:24:08.436-08:00</updated><title type='text'>L'Università italiana si osserva.</title><content type='html'>Con il coordinamento di Marino Regini - prorettore dell'&lt;a href="http://www.unimi.it/"&gt;Università degli Studi di Milano &lt;/a&gt;- un gruppo di ricercatori ha cercato di fare luce, anche in chiave comparatistica, sui molti dati offerti dai media sul sistema universitario italiano, verificando l'attendibilità degli stessi.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Difficile sottrarsi alla sensazione che sia un faticoso tentativo autodifensivo diretto a stemperare le recenti e dolorose accuse verso l'università italiana; di certo è un contributo di cui tenere conto ai fini di una partecipazione più consapevole al dibattito in atto.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Sul sito è stata resa disponibile una sintesi del prof. Regini.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;
Andrea Falcone&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-3953975380949497354?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.unimi.it/news/34640.htm' title='L&apos;Università italiana si osserva.'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/3953975380949497354/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=3953975380949497354' title='2 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3953975380949497354'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3953975380949497354'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2008/12/luniversit-italiana-si-osserva.html' title='L&apos;Università italiana si osserva.'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-4251887824718551739</id><published>2008-10-21T00:44:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-10-21T02:28:57.098-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='teaching legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='docenti inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='how to teach legal English'/><title type='text'>Curiosità nella giurisprudenza</title><content type='html'>&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;Perchè i barrister indossano &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nswbar.asn.au/docs/about/what_is/gowns.pdf"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;la toga e la parrucca??&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;Copia dell'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://http//www.nswbar.asn.au/docs/professional/pcd/sample_ethics_exam.pdf"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;esame &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;(Bar examination) somministrato nel 2004 dalla South Wales Bar association agli studenti che volevano accedere alla professione di "barrister"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-4251887824718551739?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/4251887824718551739/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=4251887824718551739' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4251887824718551739'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4251887824718551739'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2008/10/curiosit-nella-giurisprudenza.html' title='Curiosità nella giurisprudenza'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-6537394357900298782</id><published>2008-07-01T10:27:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-07-01T10:38:35.479-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='master European Legal studies'/><title type='text'>Master of European Legal Studies</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Master di durata biennale 2008-2010 offerto dall'&lt;a href="http://www.eipa.eu/en/pages/display/&amp;amp;tid=98"&gt;EIPA&lt;/a&gt;'s Antenna Luxembourg, il Centro Europeo per giudici e avvocati in partnership con l'Università di Nancy 2 e in collaborazione con la facoltà di Giurisprudenza ed Economia dell'Università di Lussemburgo. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Programme&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

The full two year study programme is structured along the following modules: &lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Introduction to European geopolitics and to the European integration process; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;European institutional law. The judicial system of the EU; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Internal market and European economic law; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Implementation of the European legal system; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;The European area of freedom, security and justice;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Europe as an international actor; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Fundamental rights in Europe. EU citizenship; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Methodology seminar / Master thesis; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Broadening, deepening and reform of the EU. Future of the European integration process. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tuition Fee&lt;/strong&gt; and applications
€ 3700 per academic year

Deadline for applications: 15 September 2008&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-6537394357900298782?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/6537394357900298782/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=6537394357900298782' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/6537394357900298782'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/6537394357900298782'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2008/07/master-of-european-legal-studies.html' title='Master of European Legal Studies'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-1514918584679966345</id><published>2008-06-30T12:18:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-07-01T02:13:23.472-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='traduzione'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='conferenza iafl'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='docenti inglese legale'/><title type='text'>Linguistica Giuridica</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/link-utili.html"&gt;La linguistica giuridica &lt;/a&gt;continua a raccogliere interesse tra linguisti, traduttori, giuristi e giuristi linguisti. Questi con i loro lavori di ricerca mettono sempre più in evidenza i molteplici punti di contatto tra linguistica e giurisprudenza. Una collaborazione interdisciplinare applicabile non solo in ambiti della traduzione e glottodidattica ma anche in quelli giudiziari.

Si distinguono in questo settore associazioni rivolte a favorire la ricerca finalizzata al confronto dei risultati, scambio di idee e opinioni nonchè a stabilire un codice di condotta.

Nel 1991 nasce a York in Inghilterra l'associazione &lt;a href="http://www.iafpa.net/index.htm"&gt;IAFPA&lt;/a&gt; (The International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics) con lo scopo di:



&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;foster research and provide a forum for the interchange of ideas and information on practice, development and research in forensic phonetics and acoustics;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;set down and enforce standards of professional conduct and procedure for those involved in forensic phonetic and acoustic casework. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Dal 21 al 23 luglio 2008 si tiene a al &lt;a href="http://www.generalguisan.ch/web/article.php3?id_article=1"&gt;Centre Général Guisan&lt;/a&gt; di Losanna in Svizzera la conferenza annuale della IAFPA .


&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Nel 1993 invece nace la &lt;a href="http://iafl.org/"&gt;IAFL&lt;/a&gt; (The International Association of Forensic Linguists), un'associazione di linguisti coinvolti nella giurisprudenza.

Gli obiettivi di ricerca includono:



&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The study of the language of the law, including the language of legal documents and the language of the courts, the police, and prisons; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;The alleviation of language-based inequality and disadvantage in the legal system; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;The interchange of ideas and information between the legal and linguistic communities; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Research into the practice, improvement, and ethics of expert testimony and the presentation of linguistic evidence, as well as legal interpreting and translation; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Better public understanding of the interaction between language and the law. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href="http://iafl.org/"&gt;conferenza IAFL &lt;/a&gt;si tiene ogni due anni, la prossima si terra dal 6 al 9 luglio 2009 all'Università di Vrije ad Amsterdam. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;Italia,&lt;/strong&gt; sempre in ambito di linguistica e giurisprudenza, la Facoltà di Giurisprudenza ed il Dipartimento di Scienze giuridiche dell’Università degli Studi di Trento avvia il &lt;a href="http://www.jus.unitn.it/transjus/progetto.html"&gt;progetto Transjus&lt;/a&gt;, laboratorio di comparazione, linguistica e traduzione giuridica il cui proposito è quello di contribuire al miglioramento della qualità redazionale e terminologica del diritto redatto in un contesto multilingue ed in particolare comunitario.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Il progetto prevede attività di formazione e attività di ricerca con seminari periodici. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-1514918584679966345?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/1514918584679966345/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=1514918584679966345' title='1 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1514918584679966345'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1514918584679966345'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2008/06/conferenza-linguistica-giuridica.html' title='Linguistica Giuridica'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-433361993210407156</id><published>2008-06-09T09:52:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2008-11-03T01:08:21.149-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='corsi in lingua'/><title type='text'>On-line i dati CRUI sull'offerta di corsi universitari in lingua inglese (dati 2007)</title><content type='html'>Terza edizione dell'indagine a cura del Centro Studi e dell’Ufficio Relazioni Internazionali della &lt;a href="http://www.crui.it/"&gt;Conferenza dei Rettori delle Università Italiane&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;I risultati sono consultabili al seguente &lt;em&gt;link&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;a href="http://www.crui.it/internazionalizzazione/HomePage.aspx?ref=1258"&gt;clicca qui&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Andrea Falcone&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.crui.it/internazionalizzazione/HomePage.aspx?ref=1258"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="color:#810081;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-433361993210407156?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/433361993210407156/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=433361993210407156' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/433361993210407156'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/433361993210407156'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2008/06/on-line-i-dati-crui-sullofferta-di.html' title='On-line i dati CRUI sull&apos;offerta di corsi universitari in lingua inglese (dati 2007)'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-1267956461850321345</id><published>2008-05-14T16:23:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-05-14T16:29:23.095-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Governo luce ed ombra sul web ma quale potere "posta" in inglese?</title><content type='html'>Pura e semplice visibilità o finalmente qualcuno avverte una esigenza di comunicazione? E quanti avvertono tale esigenza in inglese?
Non necessariamente web 2.0 ma almeno parvenza di internet, rete, web e chissà....forse anche posta elettronica...sempre che ci sia qualcuno pronto e disposto a fare le veci comunicative del titolare del blog o del sito!

Date uno sguardo a questi due articoli:
http://blog.webnews.it/13/05/2008/il-governo-ombra-e-la-rete/
http://blog.webnews.it/13/05/2008/il-nuovo-governo-e-la-rete/
..... ma mi raccomando, non cercare su youtube.com i video dei nostri governatori mentre relazionano in inglese perchè..... capiresti la necessità di studiarlo!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-1267956461850321345?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/1267956461850321345/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=1267956461850321345' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1267956461850321345'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1267956461850321345'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2008/05/governo-luce-ed-ombra-sul-web-ma-quale.html' title='Governo luce ed ombra sul web ma quale potere &quot;posta&quot; in inglese?'/><author><name>Dott. Otello Carrieri</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8ICB-sVqT0M/SPmwD0kNEtI/AAAAAAAABD4/M4wj8HCaSfc/S220/Immagine+008.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-2994662876762987190</id><published>2008-05-05T11:50:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-05-05T12:10:02.725-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='certificazione ilec'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='how to teach legal English'/><title type='text'>Euleta_the day after</title><content type='html'>Ulm 1st- 3rd May
Euleta conference for teachers and teachers- lawyers of legal English.
&lt;a href="http://www.euleta.org/"&gt;www.euleta.org&lt;/a&gt;

I was told we were about 80 from almost 20 different countries. 
Everything was great: speakers, workshops attended and food tasted!
Wasn't it just nice to meet up?

A unique opportunity
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;to share experiences&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;to try out some new learning and teaching approaches&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;to learn about material available as well as look for ways to overcome difficulties.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
Let's hope the next one will be even better!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-2994662876762987190?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/2994662876762987190/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=2994662876762987190' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/2994662876762987190'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/2994662876762987190'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2008/05/euletathe-day-after.html' title='Euleta_the day after'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-748514968676057233</id><published>2008-04-16T10:54:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-04-16T11:27:52.584-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='teaching legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='docenti inglese legale'/><title type='text'>Didamatica 2008 (Taranto 28 - 30 aprile)</title><content type='html'>L'annuale Convegno promosso dall'&lt;a href="http://www.aicanet.it/"&gt;AICA&lt;/a&gt; (Associazione Italiana per il Calcolo Automatico), avente per tema i profili evolutivi delle applicazioni informatiche all'attività didattica, quest'anno è organizzato dall'&lt;a href="http://www.uniba.it/"&gt;Università degli Studi di Bari&lt;/a&gt;, presso la sede distaccata di Taranto.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Chiunque frequenti le aule universitarie ben conosce con quanta lentezza vengano recepiti i cambiamenti. Iniziative come questa sono la testimonianza di un positivo fermento. Del resto - per citare un'esperienza vicina - la stessa creazione di &lt;em&gt;blogs&lt;/em&gt; resi funzionali all'attività didattica non è più soltanto relegata ai pochi entusiasti del &lt;em&gt;web&lt;/em&gt;, malgrado talora difetti un riscontro pienamente positivo da parte di comunità universitarie (studenti inclusi) poco inclini al recepimento del nuovo.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;L'occasione è ghiotta per chi non si accontenta di essere semplice comparsa nel nuovo scenario tecnologico, per chi avverte che occorre essere interpreti attivi del cambiamento.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://didamatica2008.di.uniba.it/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#00cccc;"&gt;clicca qui&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;per maggiori informazioni)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Andrea Falcone&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-748514968676057233?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/748514968676057233/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=748514968676057233' title='1 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/748514968676057233'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/748514968676057233'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2008/04/didamatica-2008-taranto-28-30-aprile.html' title='Didamatica 2008 (Taranto 28 - 30 aprile)'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-8871006686429187819</id><published>2008-04-02T03:24:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-04-02T03:44:00.609-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='corsi in lingua'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='docenti inglese legale'/><title type='text'>“Introduction to Italian Legal Culture” in Inglese a Firenze</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Continua l’impegno della facoltà di &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.giuris.unifi.it/"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Giurisprudenza di Firenze &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;nell’insegnamento in lingua. Parte il secondo ciclo del corso “Introduction to Italian Legal Culture”. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Il corso è tenuto interamente in lingua inglese da un gruppo di docenti della facoltà e riservato agli studenti di diritto provenienti da università straniere, attraverso i programmi di mobilità Erasmus. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;L’intervento formativo è volto a fornire "strumenti utili a comprendere la specificità della tradizione giuridica sviluppata in Italia, illustrando le coordinate generali del diritto costituzionale, civile/commerciale, penale, amministrativo oltre che del sistema processuale attualmente vigente".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;A partire da settembre 2007 la facoltà si è attivata con altri corsi tenuti parzialmente e in parte in lingua inglese. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Tra i corsi figurano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;International law&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Comparative Labour Law &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Comparative Criminal law &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;International Business Law&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;La facoltà dichiara nella sua presentazione dei &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.giuris.unifi.it/CMpro-l-s-42.html"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;corsi in lingua inglese &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;: “ In order to enhance the international dimension of its educational programmes and to facilitate student exchange with Universities abroad […..] e poi ancora si legge “ courses are suitable for the participation of students with only limited skills in the Italian language”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Questa iniziativa se da una parte potrebbe apparire come finalizzata esclusivamente ad accogliere e “attirare” studenti stranieri a Firenze, dall’altra rappresenta un beneficio anche per gli studenti italiani.
Seguire un corso di diritto in lingua inglese, significa acquisire una terminologia specifica e usare l’inglese in contesti pertinenti all’area di studio. L’errore da evitare è quello di non riversare il percorso giuridico totalmente in lingua inglese a danno della formazione giuridica in lingua italiana o al contrario escludere del tutto la frequenza di questi corsi sul mero fatto di non avere il livello giusto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;La competenza linguistica migliora solo se riusciamo ad azionare un ventaglio di strumenti e questo è uno dei tanti da inserire nella ricetta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Sarebbe interessante raccogliere delle testimonianze di studenti che hanno partecipato o che stanno seguendo questi corsi. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Maria Lombardi at tsolutions@tsolutions.it&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-8871006686429187819?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/8871006686429187819/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=8871006686429187819' title='7 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8871006686429187819'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8871006686429187819'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2008/04/introduction-to-italian-legal-culture.html' title='“Introduction to Italian Legal Culture” in Inglese a Firenze'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>7</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-2978201646777859601</id><published>2008-02-25T02:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-02-25T03:02:00.646-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='teaching legal English'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Edimburgo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ilec'/><title type='text'>Teaching English for Law</title><content type='html'>&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Dal 18 al 22 agosto 2008 &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;presso &lt;strong&gt;l'università di Edimburgo
&lt;/strong&gt;si terrà ancora una volta il corso di &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Teaching English for Law&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, tenuto da Gillian Brown, autore del testo Professional English in use - LAW. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Durata: 1 week (20 hours) &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Costo: £312&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Livello richiesto per accedere: C2 CEF &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;The course aims to provide an introduction to the teaching of English for Law. It is not an introduction to English law! The relationship between law and language is peculiarly complex: The course will focus on how to design a course; on approaches to teaching which draw on the subject knowledge of informants (e.g. the participants themselves or legal experts); and how to find and use other resources.
Course objectives: Participants will:- develop their understanding of the teaching of Legal English vocabulary and appropriate language skills for students of law and law professionals- identify and evaluate resources to support their teaching contexts.
Course content: The course will include: identifying and teaching appropriate language skills; relevant context analysis; teaching legal vocabulary; the role and knowledge of the legal English teacher; using authentic sources; web-based resources and published materials; assessment (eg &lt;a href="http://www.ials.ed.ac.uk/EL/general/oct0607/CambridgeExams.htm"&gt;ILEC&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Approach: The course is practically oriented using workshops and a combination of group and individual tasks to explore learning contexts, to look at samples of legal English discourse, and to examine teaching methodologies and resources appropriate to the teaching of English for Law. There will be opportunities for teachers to discuss their particular area of interest. The course aims to provide participants with ideas for continuing their professional development in the area of teaching English for Law beyond the course. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Per informazioni: Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi at &lt;a href="mailto:tsolutions@tsolutions.it"&gt;tsolutions@tsolutions.it&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-2978201646777859601?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/2978201646777859601/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=2978201646777859601' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/2978201646777859601'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/2978201646777859601'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2008/02/teaching-english-for-law.html' title='Teaching English for Law'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-8554189241241451416</id><published>2008-02-25T02:03:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-02-25T03:09:56.904-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='euleta'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='certificazione ilec'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='docenti inglese legale'/><title type='text'>Conferenza docenti inglese legale</title><content type='html'>&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Si terrà a &lt;a href="http://www.euleta.org/index.php?site=venue"&gt;Ulm in Germania &lt;/a&gt;dal 1 al 3 maggio 2008 il secondo appuntamento per docenti di inglese legale organizzato da &lt;a href="http://www.euleta.org/index.php?site=home"&gt;EULETA &lt;/a&gt;, European Legal English Teachers' Association. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Il programma previsto appare interessante e promettente. Diversi saranno gli interventi nell'area della&lt;a href="http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007_06_01_archive.html"&gt; certificazione ILEC&lt;/a&gt;, anche con attività pratiche, nonchè approcci didattici suggeriti per il testo &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cambridge.org/elt/legalenglish/"&gt;Internation Legal English&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, tra l'altro adottato da quest'anno presso la facoltà di Giurisprudenza di Taranto. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Un'occasione questa per confrontarsi e crescere, in un'area ancora molto bisognosa di formazione. Non è solo il mero appuntamento della conferenza ma tutto il terreno umano che gira intorno. La &lt;a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/euleta/"&gt;news group &lt;/a&gt;dell'associazione risulta uno strumento molto utile per cominciare a conoscersi. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;L'ultima volta che mi sono ritrovata in un gruppo internazionale di docenti di inglese legale è stato &lt;a href="http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2008/02/teaching-english-for-law.html"&gt;all'università di Edimburgo &lt;/a&gt;nel 2004 in un corso di "&lt;em&gt;Teaching English for Law&lt;/em&gt;". L'esperienza è stata molto positiva, ancora una volta soprattutto per le persone incontrate.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-8554189241241451416?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/8554189241241451416/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=8554189241241451416' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8554189241241451416'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8554189241241451416'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2008/02/conferenza-docenti-inglese-legale.html' title='Conferenza docenti inglese legale'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-5113376265069103911</id><published>2008-02-10T02:25:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2008-02-15T01:59:33.509-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='certificazioni'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ilec'/><title type='text'>How good is your legal English?</title><content type='html'>Si svolgeranno a breve due incontri di presentazione dell'esame &lt;a href="http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/06/certificazioni-nellinglese-legale.html"&gt;ILEC &lt;/a&gt;(&lt;em&gt;International Legal English Certificate&lt;/em&gt;).


&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mercoledì &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000066;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000066;"&gt;27&lt;/span&gt; febbraio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; presso la sede del &lt;a href="http://www.britishcouncil.org/it/italy.htm"&gt;British Council &lt;/a&gt;di &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000066;"&gt;Napoli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, sarà possibile incontrare &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000066;"&gt;Amy Krois-Lindner&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, autore del testo di preparazione &lt;em&gt;International Legal English&lt;/em&gt;. All'evento - organizzato dalla &lt;a href="http://www.cambridge.org/"&gt;Cambridge University Press&lt;/a&gt;, dall'&lt;a href="http://www.cambridgeesol.org/"&gt;University of Cambridge Esol examination&lt;/a&gt;, in collaborazione con il &lt;a href="http://www.britishcouncil.org/it/italy-english-learn-english-naples-corsi-esami-inglese-napoli.htm.htm"&gt;British Council di Napoli&lt;/a&gt; - i partecipanti potranno inoltre acquistare il volume a prezzo scontato del 30%. (&lt;a href="http://www.britishcouncil.org/it/italy-english-naples-ilec-seminar-programme-reservation.pdf"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#009900;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#33ff33;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;clicca qui&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;per maggiori informazioni) &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000066;"&gt;Richard Udall&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, direttore della British School di &lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;Bari&lt;/span&gt;, referente per gli esami di lingua inglese per conto della University of Cambridge per Basilicata, Molise e Puglia, è stato invitato presso l'Università di &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000066;"&gt;Foggia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; a presentare le caratteristiche e le modalità di svolgimento dell’&lt;a href="http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/06/certificazioni-nellinglese-legale.html"&gt;ILEC&lt;/a&gt; il &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000066;"&gt;3 marzo 2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. (&lt;a href="http://www.unifg.it/srs/centro_linguistico/ilec.asp"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#33ff33;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;clicca qui &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;per maggiori informazioni)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;Andrea Falcone&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-5113376265069103911?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/5113376265069103911/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=5113376265069103911' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5113376265069103911'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5113376265069103911'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2008/02/how-good-is-your-legal-english.html' title='How good is your legal English?'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-7326308856915677859</id><published>2007-12-22T08:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-03T01:06:25.445-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='stampa'/><title type='text'>Dibattito su inglese e università</title><content type='html'>Il &lt;a href="http://www.corriere.it/"&gt;Corriere della Sera &lt;/a&gt;di venerdì 21 dicembre (articolo a firma di &lt;strong&gt;Cristina Taglietti&lt;/strong&gt;, pag. 55) torna sul tema, già trattato dallo stesso quotidiano, dei corsi universitari italiani impartiti in lingua inglese - per ora solo nelle materie tecnico-scientifiche - e lo fa per registrare l'autorevole reazione di una delle istituzioni storicamente a presidio della lingua italiana: l'&lt;a href="http://www.accademiadellacrusca.it/"&gt;Accademia della Crusca&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;La notizia è che il presidente dell'Accademia, il linguista &lt;strong&gt;Francesco Sabatini&lt;/strong&gt;, ha inviato ai ministri dell'Istruzione e dell'Università e Ricerca Scientifica una lettera aperta, che verrà diffusa anche a mezzo del semestrale &lt;em&gt;Crusca per &lt;/em&gt;voi.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Sintetizzo le principali obiezioni del prof. Sabatini - per come riportate sul quotidiano - alla segnalata tendenza:
&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;La lingua italiana è poco nota&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; agli studenti universitari italiani, specie per quanto riguarda la produzione scritta, gli stessi docenti di italiano non mostrano un'adeguata formazione;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;Il ricorso a docenti madrelingua potrebbe creare risultati discutibili nella selezione dei docenti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, agevolando le carriere di quanti sappiano fare lezioni in lingua inglese con il rischio di trascurare le specifiche competenze disciplinari, che invece dovrebbero essere il reale banco di prova per salire in cattedra;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;Il rischio-emarginazione&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; per fasce di potenziali studenti scoraggiati dall'impiego dell'inglese nella didattica; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;La maggior parte dei laureati finisce col lavorare in Italia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; e dovrà interagire con lavoratori di lingua italiana anche su tematiche tecniche;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;Introduzione di un nuovo bilinguismo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, simile a quello medievale (compresenza di latino e volgare), dopo un faticoso cammino storico volto alla diffusione della lingua italiana: le fasce popolari sarebbero le più esposte alle conseguenze negative di un simile ritorno al passato. &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;L'articolo si conclude registrando un parere di segno opposto di un altro autorevole accademico, nonchè accademico della Crusca, a suo agio nella trattazione di simili temi, il prof. &lt;strong&gt;Tullio De Mauro.&lt;/strong&gt; Riporto una sintesi delle sue affermazioni:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt;Il&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt; &lt;em&gt;Content Language Integrated Learning&lt;/em&gt; &lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt;è&lt;/span&gt; un eccellente e ampiamente sperimentato strumento per accostarsi ad una nuova lingua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt;Determinanti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; sono&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt;le modalità attuative con cui simili scelte trovano realizzazione&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;, non possono tollerarsi iniziative al solo scopo pubblicitario&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#3333ff;"&gt;Non si può ignorare l'importanza dell'inglese: ha finito addirittura con l'influenzare la destinazione dei fondi europei&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color:#000000;"&gt;la scarsa preparazione dei deputati italiani nella conoscenza delle lingue straniere avrebbe loro impedito di partecipare efficacemente ai lavori a Strasburgo, ciò a differenza dei colleghi spagnoli, che perciò hanno portato a casa più risorse per il proprio Paese. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;Si tratta di un dibattito di sicuro interesse, di cui si attendono le prossime puntate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;Andrea Falcone &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-7326308856915677859?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/7326308856915677859/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=7326308856915677859' title='2 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/7326308856915677859'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/7326308856915677859'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/12/il-dibattito-su-inglese-e-universit.html' title='Dibattito su inglese e università'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-4103566945853471827</id><published>2007-11-26T09:48:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-03T01:06:53.083-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='stampa'/><title type='text'>Il difficile cammino dell'internazionalizzazione</title><content type='html'>Il Corriere della Sera di ieri ha dedicato ben due pagine al mondo universitario italiano ed ai cambiamenti in atto (pag. 23, articolo a firma di Gianna Fregonara e pag. 24, articolo a firma di Gabriella Jacomella). Entrambi i temi trattati avevano già trovato attenzione all’interno del presente blog: &lt;strong&gt;l’internazionalizzazione dell’università attraverso la metodologia CLIL&lt;/strong&gt; (si vedano in particolare: &lt;a href="http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/corsi-di-giurisprudenza-in-lingua.html"&gt;Corsi di Giurisprudenza in lingua inglese&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/11/anche-in-italia-lmba-parla-inglese.html"&gt;Anche in Italia l'MBA parla inglese&lt;/a&gt;) e &lt;strong&gt;il fenomeno della crescente mobilità studentesca&lt;/strong&gt;, specie nell’area &lt;em&gt;post lauream&lt;/em&gt;, nel convincimento diffuso nella popolazione studentesca che questo possa contribuire a migliorare le proprie prospettive occupazionali.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Il fenomeno – come registrato dal primo quotidiano italiano – interessa primariamente le facoltà tecnico-scientifiche. Il Rettore del &lt;a href="http://www.polito.it/"&gt;Politecnico di Torino &lt;/a&gt;ha pensato ad uno sconto di millecinquecento euro sulle tasse scolastiche quale misura incentivante per coloro i quali intendano iscriversi ai corsi di laurea interamente in lingua inglese.
&lt;strong&gt;“Rendere internazionale un ateneo non significa subire l’inglese per tutti. L’Università è anche servizio agli studenti oltre che il tempio della nostra cultura”&lt;/strong&gt; (pag.23), afferma Bruno Mellano, della Rosa nel Pugno, in una dichiarazione riportata dal Corriere. Il Rettore Profumo, sempre nel medesimo articolo, replica &lt;strong&gt;“È antistorico sostenere che nelle discipline scientifiche non serve l’inglese”&lt;/strong&gt;.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Queste due divergenti  posizioni sono rivelatrici delle opzioni di valore sottostanti rispetto a scelte così delicate. Una ricerca &lt;a href="http://www.crui.it/link/?ID=3049"&gt;CRUI&lt;/a&gt; effettuata nel 2005-2006 – citata da Gianna Fregonara - intanto rivela che nel periodo di riferimento 7 atenei italiani offrivano lauree triennali in inglese ed 11 erano le lauree specialistiche.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Per quanto concerne più da vicino gli studi giuridici – pur non citati dal Corriere – occorre rammentare come la storica &lt;a href="http://www.giuris.unifi.it/"&gt;facoltà giuridica fiorentina&lt;/a&gt; ha istituito ben tre insegnamenti (occorre sottolineare come si tratti di insegnamenti e non di corsi di laurea) interamente in inglese: International Law; Comparative Labour Law; Introduction to the Italian legal culture. Accanto ad essi la medesima facoltà ha previsto insegnamenti parzialmente impartiti in lingua inglese: Comparative Criminal Law e International Business Law. &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Sempre la facoltà di giurisprudenza dell’Università di Firenze ha istituito – in forza di un accordo del 2000 con l’Université di Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne – un corso di laurea magistrale in Giurisprudenza italo-francese. Si tratta di uno dei non numerosi esempi di &lt;em&gt;double degree&lt;/em&gt; nel settore degli studi giuridici.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Applicando riflessioni svolte per ambiti disciplinari distanti si potrebbe dire che sarebbe antistorico pensare di studiare il diritto internazionale con l’ausilio di fonti nella sola lingua italiana&lt;/strong&gt;: lo studente scrupoloso deve ricorrere alle fonti normative nella versione originale, presto accorgendosi di come la più parte delle convenzioni non contempli la lingua italiana tra le lingue ufficiali. Analoghe riflessioni potrebbero farsi per la comparazione giuridica e numerosi altri ambiti. Sostenere ciò non implica sostegno incondizionato ad iniziative radicali come quella del Politecnico di Torino, impercorribili nel settore degli studi giuridici per ragioni che sono quanto mai evidenti, ma significa soltanto segnalare che &lt;strong&gt;occorrono inziative concrete se si desidera che le nostre università attraggano talenti stranieri e che il livello formativo  di tutti gli studenti - specie il livello in uscita - venga innalzato.
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Tutto ciò genera qualche timore: che tutta questa enfasi sull'inglese finisca col generare dei nuovi analfabeti di ritorno, quegli stessi che usano l'inglese quasi fosse una variante contemporanea del &lt;em&gt;latinorum&lt;/em&gt; dell'Azzeccagarbugli manzoniano: uno strumento per "intorbidare il chiaro".
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;In conclusione: la speranza di chi scrive è che si apra un dibattito serio, che coniughi l'ineliminabile esigenza di rispettare la nostra lingua madre, troppo spesso vittima di aggressioni, con la necessità di attrarre studenti dal resto d'Europa e del mondo, nonchè di garantire anche agli italiani che decidono di studiare in Italia una formazione di respiro internazionale.
&lt;div align="center"&gt;Andrea Falcone &lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-4103566945853471827?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/4103566945853471827/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=4103566945853471827' title='3 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4103566945853471827'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4103566945853471827'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/11/il-difficile-cammino.html' title='Il difficile cammino dell&apos;internazionalizzazione'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-310806053523667110</id><published>2007-11-20T02:41:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-11-03T01:09:05.894-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='corsi in lingua'/><title type='text'>Anche in Italia l'MBA parla inglese</title><content type='html'>Un articolo apparso ieri, su "&lt;a href="http://www.sole24ore.com/"&gt;Il Sole 24 ore&lt;/a&gt;", pagina 21, a firma di Luigi Dell'Olio, rende nota &lt;strong&gt;un'importante novità riguardante l'MBA (&lt;em&gt;Master in Business Administration&lt;/em&gt;) dell'&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.unibocconi.it/"&gt;Università Bocconi di Milano&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;: d'ora in poi i suoi corsi si svolgeranno esclusivamente in lingua inglese.
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Va ricordato come la &lt;a href="http://www.sdabocconi.it/home/it/"&gt;SDA&lt;/a&gt; - Scuola di Direzione Aziendale - ha conquistato nel 2007 il 42° posto nel &lt;em&gt;global MBA ranking&lt;/em&gt;, classifica dei primi cento MBA su scala globale visibile sul sito web del &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ft.com/businesseducation/mba"&gt;Financial Times&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. Si tratta di un primato tra le italiane in una classifica il cui podio è dominato - nell'ordine - dalle &lt;em&gt;Business Schools&lt;/em&gt; delle&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;americane &lt;a href="http://mba.wharton.upenn.edu/mba/"&gt;Wharton&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.gsb.columbia.edu/"&gt;Columbia&lt;/a&gt; ed &lt;a href="http://www.hbs.edu/"&gt;Harvard&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Lo scopo di una simile scelta strategica è evidentemente quello di potenziare l'attrattività del master anche verso gli studenti stranieri, ma anche di consentire una formazione di maggiore respiro internazionale per gli studenti italiani, richiedendo di conseguenza requisiti di accesso che contemplano - tra gli altri - la necessità di un elevato punteggio riportato nelle certificazioni &lt;a href="http://www.it.toefl.eu/"&gt;TOEFL&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Test of English as a Foreign Language&lt;/em&gt;) e &lt;a href="http://www.gmac.com/gmac"&gt;GMAT&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Graduate Management Admission Test&lt;/em&gt;).
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Si tratta di un segnale rivelatore di una tendenza che, vista anche l'autorevolezza del soggetto che ha compiuto una simile scelta, potrà svolgere il ruolo di apripista nel contesto delle università italiane, dove pure qualche passo simile si era già registrato.
&lt;div align="center"&gt;Andrea Falcone&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-310806053523667110?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/310806053523667110/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=310806053523667110' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/310806053523667110'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/310806053523667110'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/11/anche-in-italia-lmba-parla-inglese.html' title='Anche in Italia l&apos;MBA parla inglese'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-5370218536879598382</id><published>2007-11-12T04:32:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-11-14T03:44:28.450-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Materiali per l'apprendimento on-line</title><content type='html'>Il &lt;a href="http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/"&gt;CELS&lt;/a&gt;, il Centro Studi Europei dell'Università di Cambridge ha organizzato l'annuale lezione pubblica in onore di &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_Stuart,_Baron_Mackenzie-Stuart"&gt;Lord Mackenzie-Stuart &lt;/a&gt;(1924-2000)&lt;/strong&gt;, il primo Giudice Britannico alla  &lt;a href="http://curia.europa.eu/"&gt;Corte di Giustizia Europea&lt;/a&gt;, della quale in seguito divenne anche Presidente.

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;La lezione sull'impegnativo tema &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Human Rights in the 21 Century&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;/em&gt;quest'anno tenuta da &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.number10.gov.uk/output/Page1381.asp"&gt;Jack Straw&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;Lord Chancellor&lt;/em&gt; e &lt;em&gt;Secretary of State for Justice&lt;/em&gt; -&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;è visibile sul sito della &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.law.cam.ac.uk/"&gt;Law faculty&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, nonchè su quello del &lt;a href="http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/"&gt;CELS&lt;/a&gt;, costituendo materiale utile al perfezionamento delle capacità di ascolto e allo sviluppo del lessico tecnico.

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Andrea Falcone&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-5370218536879598382?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/5370218536879598382/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=5370218536879598382' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5370218536879598382'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5370218536879598382'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/11/materiali-per-lapprendimento-on-line.html' title='Materiali per l&apos;apprendimento on-line'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-3262987541367522976</id><published>2007-10-11T02:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-11T02:32:34.509-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Segnali di svolta linguistica in Francia</title><content type='html'>L’&lt;em&gt;Haut Comitè de Place&lt;/em&gt; ha annunciato per voce di Christine Lagarde, attuale ministro francese dell’Economia e delle Finanze dell’esecutivo presieduto da Nicolas Sarkozy, di voler aprire un nuovo settore presso la Borsa di Parigi.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Attraverso&lt;/strong&gt; la semplificazione delle procedure e &lt;strong&gt;l’utilizzo dell’inglese quale lingua di lavoro si spera di attrarre investimenti dall’estero. &lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Lo si è appreso dal Corriere della sera del 6 ottobre 2007, l’articolo era a firma di Stefano Montefiori.&lt;/strong&gt; L’autore segnala la svolta quale sintomo di un superamento dello storico “sciovinismo lessicale” francese, lo stesso che predilige &lt;em&gt;ordinateur&lt;/em&gt; a &lt;em&gt;computer &lt;/em&gt;e &lt;em&gt;télécharger &lt;/em&gt;a &lt;em&gt;download&lt;/em&gt;. Emblematici i sostantivi del lessico borsistico &lt;em&gt;marché à terme&lt;/em&gt; impiegato in luogo dell'inglese &lt;em&gt;future&lt;/em&gt; e &lt;em&gt;fonds speculatifs&lt;/em&gt; impiegato al posto di &lt;em&gt;hedge funds&lt;/em&gt;.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;
Andrea Falcone&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-3262987541367522976?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/3262987541367522976/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=3262987541367522976' title='3 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3262987541367522976'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3262987541367522976'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/10/segnali-di-svolta-linguistica-in.html' title='Segnali di svolta linguistica in Francia'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-7872256806392640102</id><published>2007-09-30T09:24:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-02-10T02:59:05.252-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='traduzione'/><title type='text'>Il traduttore invisibile</title><content type='html'>Segnalo un interessante articolo sull'arte del tradurre apparso sull'ultima pagina dell'ultimo numero de &lt;strong&gt;"L'Espresso"&lt;/strong&gt; a firma di &lt;strong&gt;Umberto Eco,&lt;/strong&gt; nella rubrica&lt;strong&gt; "La bustina di Minerva"&lt;/strong&gt;, dal titolo "Cappelli alti di forma". Il titolo è stato ispirato da un macroscopico errore di traduzione, rilevato da Eco in una delle sue letture, dal francese &lt;em&gt;haut-de-forme&lt;/em&gt;.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;strong&gt;"Il traduttore dovrebbe fare il massimo per rendersi invisibile. È solo nei libri mal tradotti che si avverte come nella lingua di arrivo si stabiliscono delle forzature se non delle inverosimiglianze".&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;L'autore, segnalata la necessità che il traduttore si renda invisibile al lettore, avverte tuttavia quanto prezioso ne sia il ruolo. Un indicatore di importanza è la vittoria segnata dai traduttori nella battaglia con gli editori perchè apparissero anche i loro nomi sull'opera distribuita in traduzione.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Andrea Falcone&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-7872256806392640102?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/7872256806392640102/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=7872256806392640102' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/7872256806392640102'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/7872256806392640102'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/09/il-traduttore-invisibile.html' title='Il traduttore invisibile'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-765687370574645026</id><published>2007-08-14T07:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-14T08:57:55.307-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='law'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='language change'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='south Africa marriage act'/><title type='text'>Language and Society</title><content type='html'>We are all aware how much language is influenced by social changes. Any social change will authomatically produce changes in language either by including new words or giving a new meaning to the old ones.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
A clear example are all the new legislations approved to outlaw discrimination on the grounds of religion, sexual orientation and sex-bias.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

In the &lt;a href="http://www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/index.htm"&gt;South Africa's Marriage Act &lt;/a&gt;the law changed last year following a court ruling which allowed same-sex couples to get married. As a result of that the language to define what it is meant by marriage had to change.
&lt;p&gt;
The existing Marriage Act defined a marriage as a &lt;em&gt;"union between a man and a woman&lt;/em&gt;" while the new civil union bill describes marriage as a "&lt;em&gt;voluntary union of two persons, which is solemnised and registered by either a marriage or civil union".&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-765687370574645026?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/765687370574645026/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=765687370574645026' title='1 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/765687370574645026'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/765687370574645026'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/08/language-and-society.html' title='Language and Society'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-6953001510591612903</id><published>2007-08-11T16:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-14T08:52:18.249-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Più lontana Torino o Cambridge?</title><content type='html'>Intervengo – mi si perdoni per il titolo volutamente provocatorio - per segnalare alcune “anomalie” da me riscontrate.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Correva maggio 2007, tempo prima avevo appreso dal sito dell’Università di Bari- Facoltà di Giurisprudenza, &lt;a href="http://www.lex.uniba.it/ta/"&gt;sede di Taranto &lt;/a&gt;- dell’esistenza dell’esame &lt;a href="http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/06/certificazioni-nellinglese-legale.html"&gt;ILEC&lt;/a&gt;, segnalato sul sito istituzionale dall’aggiornatissima prof.ssa Lombardi. Interessato, ho ben pensato di poter ordinare&lt;a href="http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/materiale-didattico.html"&gt; il testo di preparazione &lt;/a&gt;presso una nota libreria – nonché casa editrice – in pieno centro di Bari, con sedi sparse ormai in quasi ogni luogo d’Italia, non appena fossi stato libero.


&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Ignoravo, tuttavia, quanto possa essere difficile ordinare un testo internazionale, per quanto edito dalla CUP, la celebre e ben distribuita &lt;em&gt;Cambridge University Press&lt;/em&gt; e per quanto lo ordinassi in una delle più popolose città universitarie d’Italia.


&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;A seguito di reiterati solleciti, ho dovuto rassegnarmi - dopo vane promesse - ad annullare l’ordine pochi giorni or sono.


&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Il volenteroso commesso seguitava a ripetere: “Consideri che il testo deve arrivare da Torino (&lt;em&gt;sic!&lt;/em&gt;) e che in agosto certe attività sono sospese, dovrà attendere settembre, ma non le garantiamo nulla”. Io pensavo a quante strade ferrate fossero state costruite dall’Unità d’Italia ad oggi e più di un secolo di storia mi si parava dinanzi. Sono perfino giunto ad immaginare la storia romanzata del testo – impolverato - portato dinanzi a me a prezzo di chissà quali rocambolesche avventure transfrontaliere da un ardimentoso corriere a dorso di mulo per strade - questa volta - sterrate (e non ferrate!).


&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Ma il caso vuole che io sia testardo (anche ad agosto!). Ho tentato allora la strada dell’acquisto &lt;em&gt;on-line&lt;/em&gt;, a mezzo carta di credito, tramite il sito della stessa &lt;a href="http://www.cambridge.org/"&gt;CUP&lt;/a&gt;. Immaginavo che la casa editrice fosse comunque (legittimamente) chiusa per ferie come altre consorelle italiane (anche se avvisi non ve ne erano) . Qui la sorpresa. A quanto pare Oltremanica si ha una diversa percezione del tempo: sono occorsi soli cinque giorni ed il testo agognato è giunto a destinazione: confesso, il Regno Unito non mi è mai parso così vicino!


&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;“Cambridge University Press was founded by a royal charter granted to the University of Cambridge by King Henry VIII in 1534. It is the oldest printer and publisher in the world, having been operating continuously since 1584, and is one of the largest academic publishers globally. Its purpose is to further the University's objective of advancing learning, knowledge and research”.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Queste le parole con cui la casa editrice presenta se stessa.
&lt;strong&gt;Una storica ed efficiente casa editrice dell’Università al servizio dell’Università dal 1534. Un esemplare punto di incontro di Università, Ricerca ed Impresa, una storia simile a quella della altrettanto prestigiosa &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.oup.co.uk/"&gt;Oxford University Press&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;1478: First book printed in Oxford&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;ma senza confronti con alcuna realtà italiana.


&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Ritengo questo caso rivelatore di come sia difficile un’effettiva integrazione culturale europea, una libera circolazione dei saperi, quando è difficile far circolare gli oggetti che quei saperi incorporano: i libri. Immagino quanto più complicato possa essere ricercare testi specialistici &lt;em&gt;printed in Italy from abroad&lt;/em&gt;.


&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Poi ho trovato una duplice - non completa - consolazione:


&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Harry Potter recemente pubblicato è stato distribuito (anche) in lingua inglese ed è subito entrato nelle &lt;em&gt;top ten &lt;/em&gt;(qualcosa si muove!); &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;il testo ILEC mi sembra &lt;em&gt;prima facie&lt;/em&gt; davvero un buon testo, anche se un giudizio vero e proprio potrò esprimerlo dopo averlo visionato con maggiore cura. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;Andrea Falcone
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-6953001510591612903?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/6953001510591612903/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=6953001510591612903' title='1 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/6953001510591612903'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/6953001510591612903'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/08/pi-lontana-torino-o-cambridge.html' title='Più lontana Torino o Cambridge?'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-1325521304356578567</id><published>2007-08-09T04:23:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-13T08:40:30.554-07:00</updated><title type='text'>A stimulating place to be</title><content type='html'>“&lt;em&gt;It’s not easy to get in, but people who do get in have great advantages awaiting them, both in terms of the intellectual stimulation that they’ll derive from the subject but also the range of activities outside their academic work made available by the University and colleges&lt;/em&gt;”.

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Queste le parole di &lt;strong&gt;David Feldman, &lt;em&gt;the Chairman of &lt;a href="http://www.law.cam.ac.uk/"&gt;the Faculty of Law in Cambrige&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.law.cam.ac.uk/"&gt; &lt;/a&gt;nel corso dell’&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;open day 2007&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; svoltosi presso la &lt;em&gt;Cambridge Law Faculty&lt;/em&gt;. Invito a prenderne visione: è tracciato il profilo di un’università molto diversa da quella alla quale siamo abituati. La necessità di competizione ed entusiasmo ricorrono nei discorsi volti a presentare la facoltà.

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
“&lt;em&gt;We have just about everything. We have particular strengths, for example, in international law. What that means is that the teaching here is, and we pride ourselves on this, done by people who are leading experts in their field, who are at the cutting edge of research and practice, as well as of teaching. &lt;strong&gt;And the research that we do here informs our teaching, but it also informs legislative development, common law development and the development of international law through our publications and consultative work, through our practice and through the many Courts here and internationally that the members of the Faculty are members of&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;”.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Una autentica dichiarazione di orgoglio: l’orgoglio di appartenere ad una comunità nella quale didattica, ricerca e mondo delle professioni non sono sfere disgiunte, ma rappresentano parte di un &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;virtuous circle&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Per noi una finestra per conoscere un diverso sistema legale, un diverso modo di apprendere il diritto e per attingere nuovi stimoli (non sono mai abbastanza!).
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;Andrea Falcone&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-1325521304356578567?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/1325521304356578567/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=1325521304356578567' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1325521304356578567'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1325521304356578567'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/08/stimulating-place-to-be.html' title='A stimulating place to be'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-1443414241006828778</id><published>2007-08-08T14:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-11-03T01:07:52.784-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='certificazioni'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ilec'/><title type='text'>CEFR ed ESOL su Wikipedia.</title><content type='html'>Ho immesso altre due nuove voci su Wikipedia. La prima è stata tradotta dalla &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEFR"&gt;definizione inglese&lt;/a&gt;, la seconda attingendo le informazioni dai siti di riferimento ESOL.

&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEFR"&gt;CEFR&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages);&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_English_for_Speakers_of_Other_Languages"&gt;ESOL &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;(English for Speakers of Other Languages). &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ritengo grave che non vi fosse ancora traccia della prima. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;La seconda è al "vaglio di enciclopedicità", al pari - del resto - delle altre due voci (&lt;a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILEC"&gt;ILEC&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/BEC"&gt;BEC&lt;/a&gt;) già immesse, di cui avevo qui dato notizia. Confido - ad ogni modo- che entreranno a far parte a pieno titolo delle voci enciclopediche, al pari di altre consimili già presenti (PET, FCE, CAE, CPE, per citarne alcune). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L'invito ai più esperti è ad integrarle o rettificarne eventuali imprecisioni.&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p align="center"&gt;Andrea Falcone&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-1443414241006828778?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/1443414241006828778/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=1443414241006828778' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1443414241006828778'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1443414241006828778'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/08/cefr-ed-esol-su-wikipedia.html' title='CEFR ed ESOL su Wikipedia.'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-2961596653019074059</id><published>2007-08-08T12:30:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-10T22:56:17.933-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='traduzione'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese'/><title type='text'>Scalpore per l'inglese maccheronico di Di Pietro</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.corriere.it/openxlink.shtml?http://www.ivanscalfarotto.it/2007/08/non_cazzecca.html"&gt;http://www.corriere.it/openxlink.shtml?http://www.ivanscalfarotto.it/2007/08/non_cazzecca.html&lt;/a&gt;

Non prendiamocela con chi ci prova ad essere lungimirante, seppure in un inglese non proprio "oxfordiano". Piuttosto dovremmo riflettere sul ruolo che rivestiamo  e prepararci alle grandi sfide che il mercato globale ci impone.

In ogni modo qualcuno si è preoccupato di trovare la giusta traduzione per l'espressione tanto discussa sul blog di Scalfarotto
&lt;a href="http://www.cafebabel.com/it/article.asp?T=A&amp;Id=2697"&gt;http://www.cafebabel.com/it/article.asp?T=A&amp;amp;Id=2697&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-2961596653019074059?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://www.corriere.it/openxlink.shtml?http://www.ivanscalfarotto.it/2007/08/non_cazzecca.html' title='Scalpore per l&apos;inglese maccheronico di Di Pietro'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/2961596653019074059/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=2961596653019074059' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/2961596653019074059'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/2961596653019074059'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/08/scalpore-per-linglese-maccheronico-di.html' title='Scalpore per l&apos;inglese maccheronico di Di Pietro'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-5237794490444785463</id><published>2007-08-04T10:52:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-11-03T01:09:29.619-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='certificazioni'/><title type='text'>ILEC e BEC su Wikipedia</title><content type='html'>Nella speranza che questo possa contribuire a diffondere la conoscenza dell'esame &lt;strong&gt;ILEC (&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/06/certificazioni-nellinglese-legale.html"&gt;International Legal English Certificate&lt;/a&gt;) -&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; recente creazione (&lt;em&gt;spring&lt;/em&gt; 2006) della &lt;em&gt;University of Cambridge&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href="http://www.cambridgeesol.org/"&gt;ESOL&lt;/a&gt;) - ho immesso una nuova voce relativa ad esso su &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagina_principale"&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, l'enciclopedia libera. &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Analogamente ho proceduto per il &lt;strong&gt;BEC&lt;/strong&gt;, acronimo riferito alla trilogia di esami di &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Business English&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; rilasciati dallo stesso Ente certificatore, certamente più noti, ma la cui voce ho riscontrato essere mancante su Wikipedia, anch'essi esami di sicuro interesse per gli studiosi di diritto, non soltanto per quelli di discipline economico-aziendali. &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Riporto di seguito i link, maggiori informazioni e materiali sono tuttavia reperibili su questo blog nella specifica sezione dedicata alle &lt;strong&gt;certificazioni di inglese legale&lt;/strong&gt;.
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILEC"&gt;ILEC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/BEC"&gt;BEC&lt;/a&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Andrea Falcone&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-5237794490444785463?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/5237794490444785463/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=5237794490444785463' title='2 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5237794490444785463'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5237794490444785463'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/08/ilec-e-bec-su-wikipedia.html' title='ILEC e BEC su Wikipedia'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-5721955749266731938</id><published>2007-08-03T04:53:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-11-03T01:10:17.906-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='stampa'/><title type='text'>Circolazione dei modelli giuridici. Tra diritto ed economia.</title><content type='html'>Un articolo a firma di &lt;strong&gt;Alessandro Meloncelli&lt;/strong&gt;, apparso &lt;strong&gt;su “Il Sole 24 ore” di lunedì 30 luglio 2007, n. 207, pag. 37&lt;/strong&gt; mette in evidenza alcune modifiche intervenute nell’ordinamento cinese. Si scopre che le distanze dagli ordinamenti occidentali si stanno erodendo, anche in tema di proprietà privata. Del resto era già stato segnalato un certo interesse del mondo accademico cinese verso gli studi romanistici. Ne risulta sollecitata la riflessione sui rapporti tra diritto ed economia, non trascurabili per il traduttore come per il tecnico. &lt;strong&gt;Parole come &lt;em&gt;intellectual property&lt;/em&gt; e &lt;em&gt;copyright &lt;/em&gt;paiono essere innalzate a costituire patrimonio giuridico comune di ordinamenti dalle radici e dai riferimenti culturali molto distanziati. &lt;/strong&gt;Numerosi gli spunti di riflessione sulla globalizzazione del diritto.
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Andrea Falcone
&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;_____________________________________________________

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Mercati emergenti. L’ordinamento interno stenta a tenere il passo del progresso commerciale.
Pechino insegue il diritto.
La proprietà privata accende una luce nel buio normativo. &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stimolanti e sorprendenti sono le scoperte che può fare il viaggiatore che raggiunge la Cina. Ma, specie se di formazione sensibilizzata agli aspetti giuridici ed economici, una in particolare è destinata a impressionare enormemente: la dissociazione tra lo sviluppo del sistema commerciale e lo sviluppo dell’ordinamento.
Nel nostro contesto occidentale e industrializzato siamo abituati a operare in un sistema in cui qualsiasi iniziativa o attività si svolge secondo fasi regolamentate dal sistema normativo e quindi secondo uno sviluppo prevedibile e certo.
&lt;/strong&gt;Secondo l’orientamento di una certa tradizione giuridica che ha agitato recentemente il dibattito, è lecito pensare addirittura che determinati fenomeni economici possano sviluppare solo successivamente e conseguentemente all’impulso proveniente dalle sollecitazioni normative.
In sostanza, la nostra esperienza vuole che vita economica e sistema normativo adeguato convivano e si evolvano parallelamente.
&lt;strong&gt;In Cina a lungo non è stato così.&lt;/strong&gt; In questa ultima fase sono state accelerate le riforme di istituti importantissimi in materia societaria e fiscale, ma è prevedibile che il sistema sarà a lungo sottoposto a una faticosa rincorsa dell’impetuoso sviluppo economico.
&lt;strong&gt;L’esempio più impressionante ci è fornito da quanto avvenuto solo nel marzo scorso, in occasione della riunione plenaria dell’Assemblea Nazionale del Popolo, il Parlamento di Pechino.
&lt;/strong&gt;Oltre al rilancio di una politica del “Go West”, della salvaguardia ambientale e del risparmio energetico, di una riforma fiscale che ha equiparato al 25 per cento la tassazione dei redditi delle imprese straniere a quella prevista per quelle nazionali, è stata introdotta nell’ordinamento cinese la proprietà privata.
&lt;strong&gt;“La proprietà pubblica, collettiva e individuale sono protette dalla legge e nessuna entità o individuo possono violarla”, recita l’incipit della disposizione.
&lt;/strong&gt;Solo da oggi il cittadino ha il diritto di possedere beni mobili, come quote societarie e titoli quotati in borsa, o immobili (per la verità da tutto ciò è ancora escluso il contadino, per cui la proprietà della terra è ancora statale), materie prime, fattori produttivi, il diritto di detenere aziende, quello di iscrivere ipoteche e quello di ricevere eredità.
Ciò che colpisce è lo sviluppo immobiliare di Shangai, stimato nel corso del 2006 pari a un piano di building ogni venti minuti, che la borsa stessa della città, abbia superato in valori capitalizzati quella della vicina Hong Kong, che l’impresa manifatturiera presente sia la più efficiente della storia dell’uomo, che tutto questo si sia sviluppato sino ad oggi senza che l’ordinamento prevedesse l’istituto della proprietà privata.
Ciò è potuto accadere, evidentemente, grazie a un sistema che ha operato in zone grigie dell’ordinamento, attraverso interposizioni fittizie, corruzione e tolleranze. &lt;strong&gt;In realtà nella Costituzione cinese il principio astratto della proprietà privata era stato introdotto già nel 2004.
&lt;/strong&gt;Ciò che è avvenuto nel marzo scorso è stata l’introduzione nel codice civile della proprietà privata tra i diritti inviolabili dell’individuo, equiparata alla proprietà pubblica.
&lt;strong&gt;Il nuovo istituto avrà la sua efficacia solo attraverso l’introduzione di un regolamentato sistema di tutele.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;La dimostrazione della discrasia tra ordinamento giuridico e sistema commerciale ci è ulteriormente fornita dalle vicende della legge sulla tutela della proprietà intellettuale e del copyright.&lt;/strong&gt;
Le disposizioni, perfettamente allineate a quelle previste in qualsiasi altro Paese occidentale, prevedono che la registrazione avvenga presso il Trademark Office di Pechino a un costo di circa 3.000 euro e un lasso di tempo necessario di circa un anno e mezzo, oppure direttamente in Italia, richiedendo all’ufficio designato dalla Convenzione di Madrid che la Cina venga inserita nella lista di Paesi in cui il proprio marchio è protetto. Tale procedura è stata resa possibile solo in conseguenza degli impegni legati alla adesione della Cina al Wto.
&lt;strong&gt;Ancora una volta, quindi, la tutela della proprietà intellettuale ha paradossalmente preceduto quella della proprietà privata. &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alessandro Meloncelli&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-5721955749266731938?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/5721955749266731938/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=5721955749266731938' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5721955749266731938'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/5721955749266731938'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/08/circolazione-di-modelli-giuridici-tra.html' title='Circolazione dei modelli giuridici. Tra diritto ed economia.'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-8081579581478666966</id><published>2007-08-02T01:32:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-02T04:26:48.108-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Diritto pubblico anglo-americano.</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;Mi permetto di segnalare due brevi testi editi dalla società editrice il Mulino, facenti parte della collana “Si governano così”. “Una piccola enciclopedia per conoscere le istituzioni politiche di altri Paesi, per comprendere come sono organizzati e come proteggono i diritti, per coglierne, attraverso la vicenda costituzionale, la storia e la cultura civica”, questi i dichiarati ambiziosi propositi della collana. I testi in questione hanno per titolo “Regno Unito” e “USA”. Sono due lavori brevi che combinano la maggiore possibile concisione con la correttezza dell’esposizione, assicurata – del resto – dalla competenza tecnica dei due autori. Del primo lavoro sul Regno Unito, autore è &lt;strong&gt;Alessandro Torre&lt;/strong&gt;, il quale insegna di Diritto pubblico anglo-americano presso l’Università degli studi di Bari, del secondo sugli USA, &lt;strong&gt;Luca Stroppiana&lt;/strong&gt;, cultore di Istituzioni di diritto pubblico e Diritto pubblico comparato all’Università di Firenze. Uno strumento utile per chiunque desideri avere un quadro d’insieme delle due realtà ordinamentali.
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Regno Unito,&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;di&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Alessandro Torre, ed. il Mulino&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;USA, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;di&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Luca Stroppiana, ed. il Mulino&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Andrea Falcone&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-8081579581478666966?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/8081579581478666966/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=8081579581478666966' title='9 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8081579581478666966'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8081579581478666966'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/08/diritto-pubblico-anglo-americano.html' title='Diritto pubblico anglo-americano.'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>9</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-789080104523996122</id><published>2007-07-28T04:08:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2007-07-29T06:54:22.302-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Lingue straniere tra le novità del "Ddl Mastella"</title><content type='html'>Tra le novità dell'ormai "legge Mastella" (per quanto non ancora pubblicata in G.U.) di riforma dell'ordinamento giudiziario si segnala la rivisitazione delle materie d'esame per il concorso di accesso alla magistratura. &lt;strong&gt;Occorrerà anche la conoscenza di una lingua straniera e dell'informatica giuridica.&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Questo di certo comporterà la necessità di un ulteriore rilancio delle lingue (inglese, francese, tedesco e spagnolo sono le possibili alternative opzioni del candidato) nell'apprendimento universitario&lt;/strong&gt;.
Facile immaginare che la diffusione delle lingue verrà sempre più associata alle copiose iniziative formative - anche organizzate da enti privati - volte alla formazione degli aspiranti magistrati ordinari. &lt;strong&gt;Un'occasione in più per meditare sulle modalità con cui impartire gli insegnamenti linguistici, finalizzandoli&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;all'espletamento della tanto delicata funzione giudiziaria, sia essa giudicante o requirente.&lt;/strong&gt;
 Andrea Falcone.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-789080104523996122?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/789080104523996122/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=789080104523996122' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/789080104523996122'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/789080104523996122'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/lingue-straniere-tra-le-novit-del-ddl.html' title='Lingue straniere tra le novità del &quot;Ddl Mastella&quot;'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-533126801020704581</id><published>2007-07-27T10:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-07-27T12:46:22.459-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Legislazione Europea</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How the European Commission drafts legislation in 20 languages&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;Un interessante articolo curato da &lt;strong&gt;William Robinson&lt;/strong&gt;, Coordinatore del Legal Revisers Group dei servizi legali della commissione Europea.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;L'articolo ci illustra i diversi stadi che attraversa la produzione della legislazione europea quando viene tradotta nelle 20 lingue ufficiali. Affronta la complessità del processo di traduzione e cita le linee guida a disposizione per aiutare gli specialisti a produrre testi in grado di &lt;strong&gt;comunicare&lt;/strong&gt; la legge. MLombardi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;
_____________________________________________________________________________&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;The European Community (EC) legislative process&lt;/strong&gt;
Under the EC Treaty as amended over the years most basic Community legislation is adopted jointly by the European Parliament, directly elected by EU citizens, and the Council, representing the governments of the Member States, with only a few fields such as taxation, agriculture, and fisheries being reserved to the Council alone. But in almost all cases the proposal for legislation—the first draft of the measures—must come from the Commission, and without such a proposal the other institutions cannot act.
Also under the EC Treaty, most of the detailed rules to give practical effect to the basic legislation are to be adopted by the Commission, which must generally
act with the approval of a committee composed of representatives of the Member States.

The EU has 20 official languages Article 290 of the EC Treaty states:
The rules governing the languages of the institutions of the Community shall … be determined by the Council, acting unanimously. Those rules were laid down by Regulation No 11, as amended by successive Acts of Accession, under Article 1 of which: The official languages and the working languages of the institutions of the Union shall be Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish and Swedish.
Article 4 provides “Regulations and other documents of general application shall be drafted in the twenty official languages”, thus indicating that there is not simply one original language version and 19 translations.
Under Article 5, the Official Journal of the European Union must be published in all 20 languages. Exceptionally, because of difficulties regarding translation into Maltese, Regulation (EC) No 930/ 2004 lays down that, for a limited period, acts need not be drafted and published in Maltese. Irish is not an official language under Regulation No 1, but the Treaties themselves are authentic in Irish.
Although all 20 official languages are the working languages of the institutions according to Regulation No 1, the institutions’ day-to-day work can hardly be carried on in all of them simultaneously.
Different institutions have chosen different practical solutions, a number of which have faced legal or political challenges. Some institutions have opted for a single internal working language: French for the European Court of Justice, English for the European Central Bank, for example. The European Commission has a policy of using three languages for internal purposes: English, French and German.
In practice, French and English are the main languages of internal communication and drafting. Formerly French enjoyed a clear predominance but
in recent years the balance has shifted and now within the Commission most drafting is done in English.

How the Commission drafts legislation
&lt;strong&gt;Step 1—First draft written by technical experts

&lt;/strong&gt;Legislation is drafted by the technical department for the sector concerned, not by a corps of drafting specialists. The first drafts are generally written not by lawyers but by technical experts such as economists or scientists: veterinarians draft animal health rules and so on. Until recently, new arrivals were not even given much in-house training in drafting and would have to depend on their own experience and national background and the experience of colleagues.

Drafters must write in either English or French and their choice is determined by the language used in their department. So most write in a foreign language, and it is harder for them to write exactly what they want to say or to express their ideas in the clearest possible way.
One result is a tendency for drafters to follow precedents.
It is much easier for non-native speakers of a language to stick to provisions or phrases that have been used in earlier legislation. Non-lawyers gain some comfort from the fact that provisions or phrases have been used before and therefore—they assume—cannot be wrong. Adherence to precedents drawn from past legislation is all the more tempting since they exist in all the languages. All those dealing with the new draft in English or French will be able to find out what it will look like in their own languages.
Translation will probably take less time and present fewer problems because the translators can rely in part on the old text.
Unfortunately the precedents chosen may not be best suited to the new circumstances. Because the drafters are not lawyers, they may not always analyse sufficiently the circumstances they are dealing with and those dealt with by the precedent. And because they have to work in a foreign language, they are not in a position to judge the linguistic quality of the precedent they have chosen. Moreover, drafting standards have evolved and over-reliance on precedents tends to perpetuate past faults and weaknesses.

&lt;strong&gt;Step 2—Consultation within the Commission
&lt;/strong&gt;Once the technical department has prepared its preliminary draft, it is submitted to the other Commission departments concerned as part of the internal consultation procedure. The Commission’s Legal Service has to be consulted on all draft legislation.
Lawyers specialising in the sector concerned will examine the draft for compliance with the law and coherence with other legislation in the field.
The Commission’s legal revisers, who all have dual legal and language qualifications, will examine it for compliance with the rules on form and presentation of legislation, in particular the Joint Practical Guide of the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission for persons involved in the drafting of legislation within the Community institutions 2.
At this comparatively early stage when the draft exists in only one language, far-reaching changes can be suggested if the legal revisers believe them necessary. Unfortunately the strict, short deadlines under the internal rules and the volume of work prevent the revisers from always achieving the standard they would like. The formal Legal Service response is drawn up by the lawyer for the sector concerned and generally—but not always—incorporates all the legal revisers’ suggestions. The lawyer will sometimes drop some of the legal revisers’ suggestions in deference to the wishes of the originating department.
If the originating department chooses, it may also consult a team of editors in the Translation Directorate-General who will suggest linguistic
improvements.
After those consultations it is up to the originating department to take account of the comments received. Generally the Legal Service’s suggestions must be followed although it does not have the power to block a text altogether.

&lt;strong&gt;Step 3—Translation into the other official languages
&lt;/strong&gt;The text must then be translated into all the official languages by the Translation Directorate-General, before formal adoption by the Commission. Sometimes the originating department has already begun the translation process before receiving the Legal Service’s suggestions. It may then be reluctant to accept any drafting changes because of the difficulty of having the changes made in all the other language versions by the Translation Directorate-General, or else it may have the changes made by members of its staff who are not trained translators: a hazardous course.
The legal revisers may have another opportunity to revise the text at this stage. Revision may be requested by the originating department, often at the instigation of the Legal Service or of the Commission’s Secretariat-General, which has general responsibility for ensuring that procedures are properly followed. Since the text has passed through extensive consultations, is often the fruit of difficult compromises, has been translated into all the official languages and is to be adopted in a matter of days, the revisers must confine themselves to correcting formal or terminological errors and ensuring that the legal scope is exactly the same in the different language versions.

What happens when the Commission has adopted a legislative proposal?
The Commission’s proposal is submitted to the European Parliament and the Council, where it passes through those institutions’ internal preadoption procedures. In the European Parliament it is considered by a committee of Members of the European Parliament, which submits a report to the plenary. In the Council it is considered by working groups consisting of experts from the Member States. Each institution has its own team of legal revisers who will also ensure that the drafting rules are complied with. At the more advanced stages of the procedure, however, it is harder to propose restructuring or rewriting for the sake of clarity and the revisers’ primary responsibility is to correct mistakes and ensure that the various language versions correspond exactly.

&lt;strong&gt;Particular features of EU law
Multilingualism
&lt;/strong&gt;A unique feature of EU legislation is that it exists in 20 language versions, each of which has equal force.
This fact and the multilingual drafting process are the source of certain complications.
The handicap of having to work in a foreign language weighs heavily on the authors of the first drafts but it affects the subsequent stages of the procedure too. Most of those involved in discussions on that draft will also be working in a foreign language and will have extra difficulty, first in understanding what is in the draft, and then in explaining how they want it altered. The resulting text must then be translated, which creates scope for misunderstanding, especially if the original text is not clear. The text will also undergo various word processing
manipulations as it passes from one department to another. At all these stages mistakes can creep into the various versions. In a monolingual system, there is less scope for linguistic errors in the first place, and most errors that do slip in will tend to be corrected by those involved at later stages, right up to the level of the minister who signs the final text. In a multilingual system, few of those involved at later stages will actually be native speakers of the language version concerned and so such spontaneous correction is less likely.

It may happen that a term used in one language leads to a misunderstanding in another.
In Regulation (EC) No 141/20003, the term “&lt;strong&gt;orphan drug”&lt;/strong&gt; is used in a technical sense (known to the trade circles) of a drug which is used to treat a rare disease and for which the manufacturer receives special tax credits and marketing rights as an incentive to develop the drug. However, a German expert has assured me that she has seen it translated as “&lt;strong&gt;medicine for children without parents”!
&lt;/strong&gt;In the Koschniske case , the Court of Justice was asked whether “&lt;strong&gt;diens echtgenote&lt;/strong&gt;” (Dutch: &lt;strong&gt;“whose wife&lt;/strong&gt;”) in a provision of a regulation on social security could also be understood to mean a married man. The Court held that it could, by interpreting it in the light of all the other language versions, which used a word such as spouse to cover both sexes, as well as the purpose of the provision and the principle of equal treatment.
In June 2004 a Directive on jams, jellies and marmalades had to be amended because the German version had used the terms “Konfitüre” and “Marmelade” for “jam” and “marmalade” respectively, while in certain local markets in Austria and Germany the term “Marmelade” is traditionally used for “jam” and the term “Marmelade aus Zitrusfrüchten” is used for “marmalade”.
A recent example of the pitfalls of the system was the native-English-speaking author who refused to accept the revisers’ correction of &lt;strong&gt;“ton”&lt;/strong&gt; to “&lt;strong&gt;tonne”.&lt;/strong&gt;
He said that “&lt;strong&gt;tonne”&lt;/strong&gt; had been in all the documents submitted to him but he had checked in an English dictionary and the correct spelling in English was “&lt;strong&gt;ton”.&lt;/strong&gt; He was clearly unaware that a tonne or metric ton is 1 000kg while a British ton is 2 240lb (1.016 tonnes).
To ensure that the legal effects of an act are identical in all languages the various language versions must, as far as possible, have the same form. It is not permissible to adopt a solution to a drafting problem that works only in one language. For example alphabetical order cannot normally be used because items would appear in a quite different order in most languages.
During the drafting of the Constitution one thorny problem was the names for the various components of the Court of Justice. Some languages, such as French, have two words (“cour” and “tribunal”) which on their own convey a hierarchy which could not be reflected by two words in some other languages,
including English. Moreover, in some languages two words similar to the French words exist but the hierarchical order is not clear. The solution finally adopted was to call the lower body “general court” or the equivalent except in languages
where single words were enough to convey the hierarchical relationship.
Multilingualism is not just a complicating factor. It brings benefits too: the original text is subjected to a particularly close scrutiny as all the translators and
revisers consider how the meaning should be rendered in their own languages. Mistakes or lack of clarity or consistency in the original are often brought to light by the translation process and corrected.

&lt;strong&gt;Multiculturalism
&lt;/strong&gt;EU legislation becomes more complex because it has to deal with many different cultures and divergent local conditions. The animal health rules contain many examples.
The rules on ear tags on bovine animals had to take account of the particular cases of bullfights in some Mediterranean countries and the custom in some Nordic countries of displaying animals in traditional rural settings, in farm museums for example.
When pet passports were introduced to make it easier for citizens to travel with their pet animals, they catered not just for cats and dogs, which are common pets throughout Europe, but also for ferrets, much to the bemusement of countries with no ferreting tradition.


During a case at the Court of Justice in which the French word “chasseurs” had to be translated into English, the translator pointed out that in England hunting would conjure up images of red-coated horse riders in pursuit of inedible foxes whereas in France hunters are often local farmers and workers out with a gun and a dog shooting birds for the pot.
Taking account of multiculturalism is a dynamic process since local conditions are evolving at different speeds in different countries. Even areas where there was once a large degree of uniformity across the Member States may become more complex.
For example, marriage has generally been regarded as an institution with common core features across the EU. Since the introduction of same-sex marriages in the Netherlands, however, some people there find it is no longer enough to say they are married but feel it necessary to specify the sex of their partner.

&lt;strong&gt;Negotiated law
&lt;/strong&gt;The first drafts of legislation are not of the highest quality and the text becomes even heavier through the cumbersome process of multilingual committees whose members are making textual suggestions in one language but “thinking” in another, whether their native language or one in which they formerly worked.
At a very early stage the draft becomes the expression of the policy and many subsequent attempts to influence the policy consist of textual suggestions by bodies largely made up of non-native speakers of the drafting language.
Changes are made with a view to achieving policy ends rather than producing clear, simple and precise legislation. It sometimes happens that a provision is deliberately left vague (known in French as flou artistique) to paper over a failure to reach full agreement.
This is a situation addressed by the Joint Practical Guide in point 1.3:
Provisions that are not clear may be interpreted restrictively by the Community courts. If that happens, the result will be just the opposite of what was intended by the incorporation into the text of grey areas intended to resolve problems in negotiating the provision.
The Joint Practical Guide cites the example of the Pro- Sieben case in which the Court concurred with the conclusion of Advocate General Jacobs, after having applied all the available methods of interpretation, that two opposing interpretations were possible.
AG Jacobs stated (at Point 53): in the present case, … the provision in question appears to be, in the light of the arguments advanced on both sides, not only equally open to two conflicting interpretations, but perhaps deliberately ambiguous. An ambiguity—and particularly a deliberate ambiguity—cannot be invoked to restrict a fundamental freedom.

&lt;strong&gt;Lack of continuity in the drafting process
&lt;/strong&gt;The European drafting process differs from many national systems in that there is not a single department with responsibility for total quality. Texts are largely drafted by committee with the familiar danger that all contribute but no one single person assumes full responsibility.
The danger exists within the Commission itself because so many different departments, each with different priorities, are involved in the drafting process. In 2001 an attempt was made to tackle part of the problem by adopting guidance on the responsibilities of those involved in the drafting process within the Commission.
The danger is aggravated by the fact that for all basic legislation, the texts produced by the Commission pass to the European Parliament and the Council, where they may be substantially changed by committees and working parties before adoption.

&lt;strong&gt;Steps taken to improve drafting?
&lt;/strong&gt;As long ago as 1992 the European Council adopted the Birmingham Declaration including the strong message: “We want Community legislation to be clearer and simpler”.
At the Amsterdam Intergovernmental Conference in 1997 the heads of State and of government adopted Declaration 39 calling on the Community institutions to adopt common guidelines for improving the drafting of Community legislation and to take “the internal organisational measures they deem necessary to ensure that these guidelines are properly applied”8.
On 22 December 1998 the institutions adopted an Interinstitutional Agreement setting out 22 guidelines for drafting, based in large part on suggestions from the Member States. The first guidelines include general principles familiar to all drafters: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;draft in clear, simple and precise terms;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;think of the addressees;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;keep sentences and provisions short; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;use plain language; be consistent both within one act and between acts in the same field.

That agreement also listed the internal measures to be taken. The very first was to produce, in March 2000, the Joint Practical Guide for persons involved in the drafting of legislation. That guide was translated into all the official languages and distributed within the institutions. In 2003 it was published and put on the EU’s website for legislation, EUR-LEX10. The guide is quite short with less than 100 pages, laid out in accessible form and illustrated by models and examples of good and bad drafting. It is designed to help all those involved in the legislative process, those writing the first draft, those commenting on drafts, the translators of the various language versions and those negotiating the final text.
Secondly the institutions undertook to enable their legal services and in particular their legal revisers to make drafting suggestions earlier in the process.
The Commission’s legal revisers now have the opportunity to revise all draft legislation as soon as the originating department submits it to the other Commission departments for approval, and they handle some 2000 drafts a year.
The institutions also committed themselves to providing drafting training to their staff. Since 2001 the Commission’s legal revisers have been offering basic legislative drafting courses, which have been attended by some 400 staff.
A computer programme has been introduced to standardise the presentation and formatting of legislation and to steer drafters in the right direction.
Contacts have been established with the Member States to exchange views on drafting and ways to improve legislation. The legal revisers of the three institutions sometimes liaise with each other to harmonise their practices and agree on common solutions to problems.
At the end of 2003, the institutions adopted a new Interinstitutional Agreement11 reaffirming their commitment to the full application of the 1998 Agreement and to “ensure that legislation is of good quality, namely that it is clear, simple and effective” (point 25). As part of efforts to make European legislation more accessible, the institutions have also adopted agreements on codification and recasting12.

&lt;strong&gt;Other possible steps
&lt;/strong&gt;In 1995 an influential report on the quality of Community legislation was produced by a committee of senior Dutch civil servants chaired by a former judge at the Court of Justice, Judge Koopmans. One of its suggestions, endorsed by other commentators, was an independent body to review acts at the stage of the Commission’s proposal or just before they become law, on the model of the French Conseil d’état or similar bodies in some Member States.
At the end of 2003 the United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office presented a report examining the drafting of EU legislation and identifying problems relating to the application and interpretation of EU legislation in Member States. It suggested an EU Legislative Drafting Office, perhaps modelled on the UK Parliamentary Counsel Office, independent of present institutions, with responsibility for draft legislation throughout the legislative process.
In January 2004 the four countries holding the rotating presidency of the European Council in 2004 and 2005 (the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Ireland and Luxembourg) launched a Joint Initiative on Regulatory Reform to maintain the momentum in implementing the Commission’s Action Plan on simplifying and improving the regulatory environment.
Other Member States have since backed the initiative.

The standards by which EU legislation
has to be judged

At a Colloquium of the Association of the Councils of State and Supreme administrative jurisdictions of the European Union in The Hague in June 2004, it
was suggested that EU legislation should be judged by different standards from national legislation. The President of the Association, Mr. H. Tjeenk Willink, Vice-President of the Dutch Council of State said:
&lt;em&gt;The European legal order was devised to serve diversity and pluralism and the EU’s legislators must take this into account&lt;/em&gt;. There were some law introduced in the name of the free market which made it mandatory for all cafés in Europe to meet the same requirements, it might denote a success for that free market but it would spell failure for the concept of Europe. Of Europe as a cultural and social reality. “European legislation is not intended to take away the diversity of legal traditions, methods and systems in the Member States, but rather to shape their compatibility”.
This means that the EU’s legislators do not necessarily play the same role as national ones.
While national legislators focus primarily on how to find uniform solutions to what are experienced as common problems, European legislation must define the scope for diverse solutions. National legislators will often indicate what must be done while EU legislators will indicate what must be stopped.
Is it possible then that the lack of clarity and lack of precision resulting from the process by which EU legislation is adopted are not just unfortunate side effects of that process but are actually essential to enable the system to work by giving the Member States the leeway they need to adapt it to their own legal systems? Perhaps in EU law the point of balance between fuzzy and fussy legislation is different from that in national systems. Whatever the answer, the acknowledged need for some leeway or “wriggle room” cannot be treated as licence to be sloppy.

&lt;strong&gt;Communicating the law
&lt;/strong&gt;G.C. Thornton has written that the legislative draftsman’s “task is not only to determine the law, but also to communicate it”. At the 1990 Commonwealth Law Conference, he suggested: Communication depends on an overlap of the linguistic experience of the sender and receiver of the message. There must be a shared context of both linguistic experience and social experience if ambiguities and other comprehension problems are to be avoided or resolved.

For European legislation, identifying a shared context presents particular problems. While there is perhaps some overlap of linguistic experience at the level of the government representatives who negotiate the texts, there is less overlap at the level of the lawyers and civil servants in the Member States, and still less in the case of the ordinary citizen.
A shared context of social experience must be viewed in relative terms. While a person at one geographical extreme of the Community may perceive considerable cultural differences between his or her social context and that of the other geographical extremes, those differences might appear quite small to a person viewing the situation from the other side of the world. Perhaps we Europeans are too conscious of our differences and not enough aware of the increasing amount that we have in common.

&lt;strong&gt;Language
&lt;/strong&gt;In view of the trends in language knowledge and teaching in Europe, more of the institutions’ dayto- day work will probably be done&lt;strong&gt; in English&lt;/strong&gt;. The problem of authors or negotiators thinking in French (because they have been doing so for many years) but drafting in English will tend to diminish. At the same time, and partly as a result of that change, the general standard of English amongst its staff will probably improve.
This does not mean that EU English will come to use only words in common use in the British Isles and that those words will have the same meaning.
Indeed the Court of Justice has held that it is unsafe &lt;strong&gt;to assume that words used in EU law have the same meaning as in national law. &lt;/strong&gt;In fact EU English is an international medium of communication divorced from any one national culture.
Is it possible that, in the same way as EU legislation has to be judged by different standards from national legislation, EU English cannot be judged by domestic standards in the British Isles? It is perhaps indicative that a booklet published in English by the EU institutions advising authors how to draft in order to make sure translation is easier and more faithful was based on a Swedish document which in turn was a translation and adaptation of a Finnish guide produced for Finnish domestic purposes.
This “internationalisation” of English is part of a wider trend, not just confined to the EU. In England itself, Leeds Metropolitan University is “launching a new MA in Teaching English as an International Language in September 2005 which will be staffed by a team of mainly non-native speaker lecturers”.

&lt;strong&gt;Euro-speak
&lt;/strong&gt;On 2 September 2004 The Economist published a lighthearted article in its Charlemagne column entitled “Decoding a Euro-diplomat takes more than a dictionary”.
It looked at some of the language problems in the institutions and concluded:
But ever-inventive Brussels is coming up with a solution of sorts through the emergence of “Euro-speak”—a form of dead, bureaucratic English.
The joy of phrases like “qualified majority voting”, “the community method” and “the commission’s sole right of initiative” is that they are completely meaningless to all ordinary Europeans—whether in translation or in the original. But, crucially, they are crystal-clear to insiders.
The idea of Euro-speak dictionaries explaining to outsiders what EU insiders are talking about is one to be taken seriously20. There are precedents. Back in 1886 a guide to Indian English words called Hobson-Jobson was published by Yule and Burrell to explain new words such as “curry” and “juggernaut” that we now accept without question in everyday English.
A dictionary explaining the Euro-English expressions listed by The Economist but also many more such as “transposition” (the way European directives are made part of national law) and “Comitology” (the system of committees of Member States’ representatives overseeing the Commission’s exercise of the powers delegated to it) would certainly help the “outsiders” now, even if it might seem quaint in years to come.
A critical approach to the quality of language and legislation in the EU is healthy. But critics should ensure that they know what they are talking about before they sound off. In 2004, BBC journalist John Humphrys published a book entitled &lt;em&gt;Lost for Words&lt;/em&gt;:
The Meaning and Manipulation of the English Language, in which he blamed institutions like the EU for the decline in standards of English. He complained
of the use of such words as “&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;pertannually”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; in the draft European Constitution and the fact that when concerns were raised, the word was replaced with “&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;insubdurience”&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, an assertion picked up by various reviewers. In fact those words did not exist.
According to Private Eye magazine, Humphrys had simply been taken in by a spoof by Simon Hoggart published in the Guardian newspaper in June 2004.

&lt;strong&gt;What more could be done?
&lt;/strong&gt;The departments and staff of the institutions must be made aware that even if imprecision, diplomatic vagueness, linguistic slips and awkwardness are
inevitable and tolerable in their day-to-day communications, much higher standards must apply to the drafting of legislation.
Moreover, while numerous routine management laws may continue to be drafted by a production line process, special procedures may be needed for
drafting fundamental laws. Those could be entrusted to specialist drafters who should be allowed the extra time and resources necessary to produce a
quality product.
The Commission’s technical departments, which under the present internal rules are responsible for the quality of the first drafts, should each set up their own drafting units (as called for in the 1998 Interinstitutional Agreement) to meet that responsibility, facilitate all the work on the text downstream, and pave the way for a better final product.
More generally, all departments and staff of the institutions should recognise the crucial importance of effective communication and take language skills more seriously, especially in the main internal working languages, English and French. All staff concerned should be offered advanced training in those languages. Greater emphasis should be placed on drafting as a specialist skill and all drafters should be offered reinforced back-up, both by human drafting specialists and by computer systems.


The author: &lt;strong&gt;William Robinson&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;has for many years worked in the field of European law and language, He started his career in Luxembourg as a legal translator at the European Court of Justice before moving to Munich as a translator, reviser and editor for the European Patent Office. He then returned to the Court of Justice where he revised translations of its judgments and produced guidance for English translation. Since 1996 he has been a legal reviser in the European Commission’s Legal Service in Brussels revising draft legislation and working on guidance and training for drafters.
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-533126801020704581?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/533126801020704581/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=533126801020704581' title='2 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/533126801020704581'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/533126801020704581'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/legislazione-europea.html' title='Legislazione Europea'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-4749484853898789699</id><published>2007-07-26T10:24:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2007-07-26T11:12:12.009-07:00</updated><title type='text'>I tecnici del diritto e le sfide della contemporaneità.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Propongo di seguito &lt;strong&gt;l’intervento integrale dell’avvocato Franzo Grande Stevens pubblicato su “Il Sole 24 ore” di martedì 24 luglio 2007 – n.201, pag. 31.&lt;/strong&gt; Un interessante quadro delle sfide che la contemporaneità impone all’avvocato, l’inglese è ovviamente parte integrante di quanto necessario per vincerle, anche secondo il noto tecnico del diritto di cui si riporta il contributo. Interessanti spunti sulla professione forense in Italia e negli altri Paesi economicamente avanzati. L’articolo si conclude con una argomentata perorazione a favore dei “peculiari” pregi dei professionisti nostrani, senza omettere la necessità di interventi sulla formazione degli stessi.&lt;/em&gt;
Andrea Falcone.

&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;INTERVENTO
Oggi serve più preparazione
Di Franzo Grande Stevens
&lt;/strong&gt;Un avvocato è, più degli altri, figlio del suo tempo, anzitutto consapevole che l’economia precorre il diritto. Ed essa è mutata profondamente: il nostro Codice Civile del ’42 considerava prevalente un’economia fondata sulla proprietà e gli altri diritti reali. La ricchezza era soprattutto quella della rendita fondiaria, urbana od agraria. Con la Costituzione del ’48 si adottò il sistema dell’economia di mercato: la ricchezza veniva dagli operatori economici ai quali si assicurava il diritto e il dovere di leale concorrenza.
Successivamente, gli operatori economici – le imprese – assunsero dimensioni sempre più transazionali: venne il Trattato Cee, oggi Unione Europea, con regole uniformi per assicurare, fra l’altro, uguaglianza di diritti ai cittadini dei Paesi membri e l’attuazione del “libero mercato” che – non sembri un paradosso – tanto più è libero quanto più è regolato e vigilato.
In questi ultimi anni il mutamento è giunto all’estremo: col mercato planetario sono cadute le barriere nel campo finanziario e della comunicazione. Si opera in qualsiasi parte del globo. Anche se manca – né vi può essere – un’Autorità sopranazionale che detti regole.
Quali allora le conseguenze per un avvocato privatista, ma anche di altre branche (penale o amministrativa)? A me pare che i cambiamenti riguardino principalmente la preparazione tecnico-culturale dell’avvocato e la sua organizzazione di lavoro. È indispensabile ormai conoscere il diritto comparato e comunitario: non bastano più i nostri istituti nazionali. Bisogna conoscere anche gli altri sistemi giuridici e possedere nozioni interdisciplinari nei campi dell’economia e della finanza. E bisogna conoscere gli orientamenti giurisprudenziali almeno dei Paesi economicamente più importanti anche se diversi per mentalità, tradizione, cultura. Occorre inoltre conoscere una lingua veicolare che di questi tempi è l’inglese. Lingua con la quale i modelli giuridici corrispondenti a quelli economici circolano nel mondo.
Insomma occorre un bagaglio tecnico e culturale oggi molto più ampio: indispensabile per consigliare ed assistere un cliente in un determinato rapporto internazionale, quale che sia il suo valore economico, o in un rapporto domestico: quando si tratti di operazione economico-finanziaria con caratteri peculiari nati, applicati e giudicati in altri Paesi.
Quanto al dato organizzativo, oltre alla dotazione “informatica” credo non si possa fare a meno di lavorare in equipe. Oggi un operatore economico chiede all’avvocato un responso attendibile e rapido perché i tempi dei traffici sono sempre più accelerati ed egli non può perdere punti in favore di un suo concorrente. Per soddisfare queste esigenze occorrono quindi più avvocati abituati a lavorare insieme a livello differente di esperienza: la loro opera è inevitabilmente collettiva e, per lo più, di carattere stragiudiziale. Così sono organizzati gli studi legali dei Paesi ad economia avanzata che hanno propaggini anche in Italia con cui noi avvocati italiani inevitabilmente dobbiamo confrontarci. Tuttavia, noi avvocati italiani, abbiamo caratteristiche peculiari che ci consentono di offrire un “valore aggiunto”: quello che induce i grandi studi internazionali a fare ricorso a noi nei casi più difficili. Due, le nostre caratteristiche.
Primo: un avvocato italiano, in genere, svolge anche lavoro “giudiziale”: la nostra vera “palestra” intellettuale, che ci costringe a studiare e ad aggiornarci, scrivere dialetticamente, superare un’obbiezione non prevista. Un avvocato (Fulvio Croce distingueva tra chi “è un avvocato e chi lo fa”) non si limita ad un lavoro di forbice o di “routine” ma è abituato a intravedere i pericoli e le eccezioni future; il suo è sempre un lavoro con caratteri di originalità.
Secondo: un avvocato italiano in genere ha la dote della “fantasia”. L’esperienza ci ha insegnato che, più di una volta, in una situazione apparentemente senza soluzioni, un avvocato italiano supera con un’idea brillante un’impasse, scioglie un nodo ritenuto inestricabile. Sono osservazioni di un “pratico” che sottolinea la necessità di una formazione scolastica ben diversa dall’attuale. Il rischio è lo scisma foscoliano: “pratici che operano senza pensare e teorici che pensano senza operare”.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-4749484853898789699?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/4749484853898789699/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=4749484853898789699' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4749484853898789699'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4749484853898789699'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/propongo-di-seguito-lintervento.html' title='I tecnici del diritto e le sfide della contemporaneità.'/><author><name>Dott. Andrea Falcone</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12712404665002173086</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-4893939843188744314</id><published>2007-07-25T02:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-08-14T09:00:55.404-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Traduzione Giuridica_ Ayfer Altay</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/RqcmniVOKeI/AAAAAAAAAAU/wQvX167hkI4/s1600-h/Altay_TURKEY.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5091080364438202850" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/RqcmniVOKeI/AAAAAAAAAAU/wQvX167hkI4/s200/Altay_TURKEY.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;div align="center"&gt;
Difficulties Encountered in the Translation of Legal Texts:
The Case of Turkey by Dr. Ayfer Altay &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align="left"&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;Introduction &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;T&lt;/strong&gt;he problems encountered in translating legal texts, which are categorised below, are specific to legal translation between the English and Turkish languages and legal systems. These problems are mostly encountered by students learning legal translation, in our case those at the department of Translation and Interpretation at Hacettepe University in Turkey. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;While lawyers cannot expect translators to produce parallel texts that are identical in meaning, they do expect them to produce parallel texts that are identical in their legal effect. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The problems will be studied under six main categories, which are likely to be quite broad. Such a study could have been applied to the limited examples from a limited source or from a certain area of law. Alternatively one of the categories could have been taken as the point of concentration and the idea could have been developed further. However, I have tried to put forward the major sources of errors and problems due to the differences in legal systems and languages.
These categories have arisen from my twelve years of personal experience as an instructor of translation of legal texts.
The article will discuss mainly syntactic arrangements. Arguments on semantic and pragmatic models concerning phraseology and textology in doctrines in international law or comments on parallel textuality in legal matters and on legal authenticity will not be provided for the time being, since they would broaden the subject excessively. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Before studying the problems and difficulties of translating legal texts, first we shall describe the historical and linguistic backgrounds which made both Turkish and English legal languages become what they are today, because the difficulties arise mainly due to the differences in linguistic systems and languages. Therefore, we shall start with The Bases of the English Legal Language (although these may be well-known to the British reader). Then, The Bases of the Turkish Legal System and The Nature of the Turkish Legal Language will be discussed briefly. Before studying the problems and difficulties of legal translation, the general features of legal language, and the common features of the English and Turkish legal languages will be discussed very briefly. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Bases of the English Legal Language&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is impossible to fully appreciate the nature of legal language without having some familiarity with its history. There is no single answer to the question of how legal language came to be what it is (Tiersma 1999:47). Since much of the explanation can be found in the historical events which have left their mark on the language of English law, we should first take a glance at the historical background of today's British legal language.
Like their language, the law of the British Celts had little lasting impact on the English legal system. The Germanic invaders who spoke Anglo-Saxon or Old English developed a type of legal language, the remnants of which have survived until today, such as "bequeath," "theft," "guilt," "land." The Anglo-Saxons made extensive use of alliteration in their legal language, which survived in today's English legal language in expressions such as "aid and abet," "any and all," etc.
Even without alliteration, parallelism was an important stylistic feature of Anglo-Saxon legal documents, which has also survived. Even today witnesses swear to tell "the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth" (Tiersma 1999:15).
A significant event for the language and law of England was the spread of Christianity in 597, since it promoted writing in Latin. Through the Roman Catholic Church the Latin language once again had a major presence in England. Its influence extended to legal matters, particularly by means of the Canon Law, through which the Church regulated religious matters such as marriage and family. The use of Latin as legal language introduced terms like "client," "admit," and "mediate" (Tiersma 1999:16).
After the Duke of Normandy claimed the English throne and invaded England in 1066, the main impact of this Norman conquest on the written legal language was to replace English with Latin (Tiersma 1999:20). Beginning in 1310, the language of statutes was French, but it was not until two hundred years after the Conquest that French became the language of oral pleadings in the royal courts. For the next one or two centuries French maintained its status as England's premier legal language. However, in 1417, while fighting the French, King Henry V broke all linguistic ties with his Norman ancestry and decided to have many of his official documents written in English (Tiersma 1999:23).
Despite the emergence of French, Latin remained an important legal language in England, especially in its written form. The fact that writs were drafted in Latin for so long explains why even today, many of them have Latin names. The use of Latin and tireless repetitions by the judges have endowed these legal maxims with a sense of timelessness and dignity; moreover, they reflect an oral folk tradition in which legal rules are expressed as sayings due to the ease of remembering a certain rhythm or rhyme (Tiersma 1999:26).
These poetic features are still occasionally found in the English legal language. Latin has also remained in expressions relating to the names of cases and parties; for example, in England the term for the crown in criminal case names is "Rex or Regina" (Tiersma 1999:27).
When Anglo-French died out as a living language, the French used by lawyers and judges became a language exclusive to the legal profession (Tiersma 1999:28). It was incomprehensible both to their clients and to the speakers of ordinary French. Legal French also contained many terms for which there were no English equivalents.
Several French terms are still common in legal English such as "accounts payable/receivable," "attorney general," "court martial." The most lasting impact of French is the tremendous amount of technical vocabulary that derives from it, including many basic words in the English legal system, such as "agreement," "arrest," "estate," "fee simple," "bailiff," "council," "plaintiff," and "plea." As in the early Anglo-Saxon influence, which had phrases featuring the juxtaposition of two words with closely related meaning which are often alliterative such as "to have and to hold," this doubling continued in legal French, often involving a native English word together with the equivalent French word, since many people at the time would have been partially bilingual and would understand at least one of the terms, for example, "acknowledge and confess," "had and received," "will and testament," "fit and proper."
As we see through the Middle ages, the legal profession made use of three different languages. During the rest of 17th century, Latin and legal French continued their slow decline.
In 1731, Parliament permanently ended the use of Latin and French in legal proceedings; however, it became difficult to translate many French and Latin terms into English. With another statute, it was provided that the traditional names of writs and technical words would continue to be in the original language (Tiersma 1999:36), and the ritualistic language remained important. The exact words of legal authorities mattered very much to the profession. Rewriting an authoritative text in your own words was considered to be dangerous and even subversive (Tiersma 1999:39). Tiersma mentioned that once established, legal phrases in authoritative texts take on a life of their own; you meddle with them at your own risk (1999:39). He adds that, in authoritative written texts, the words will remain the same even if the spoken language and indeed the surrounding circumstances have changed, and lawyers will use the same language even if the public no longer understands it. Once this happens, the professional class that is trained in the archaic language of the texts becomes indispensable (Tiersma 1999:40).
All these developments throughout history have led to an obtuse, archaic and verbose legal language in English which is one of the main reasons of the difficulties encountered by Turkish translators in translating legal texts written in English.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bases of the Turkish Legal System
&lt;/strong&gt;The Koran (the holy book of Moslems), certain rules and provisions set by sources other than Koran, for example Mohammed the Prophet's words which are called the "traditions" or "fatwas," diversified and often contradictory provisions and interpretations are called in toto "Islamic Law," under which the Ottoman Empire was ruled throughout the centuries.
Mohammed's words are general principles of justice and equity, with a high degree of objectivity and essentially primary regulations necessitated by the social nature and structure of the Arab community of that time. It must be mentioned that not only the Koran, but also the other sources of Muslim jurisprudence were essentially created to meet the needs of the community existing during and after Mohammed's era (Timur 1956:85). It must also be mentioned that throughout the centuries the presence of different and irreconcilable religious sects among the Moslems in the area, and the continual increase of the proportion of non-Moslem citizens after the annexation of Istanbul by Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror have created insurmountable difficulties in jurisprudence. Moreover, Islamic Law was not broad and comprehensive enough to offer reasonable solutions to legal problems of every kind.
In fact, the traditions are not applicable to our contemporary society, because Islamic Law contains no provisions regulating the sundry relationships of political institutions and commercial transactions of today's world. Likewise, its rules relating to the vast field of criminal law and jurisdiction are too limited to serve their purpose adequately in the modern world (Timur 1956:86). Furthermore, a great many Islamic codes and legal provisions have become impracticable because in time they have fallen short of meeting the requirements brought about by the continuous metamorphoses of the communities and have completely lost their vitality. For example thousands of articles in the Megelle (Islamic Law), are no longer vital and integral parts of Moslem Law due to their inapplicability. To give an example: Polygamy, which was an accepted social phenomenon of Arab society, has not been practiced in Turkey after Atatürk's reforms. Due to all these shortcomings of Islamic jurisprudence, the reforms of 1839 were a conscious attempt to put an end to the confusion in the judicial sphere and to extend legal equality to all citizens without any discrimination based on religious affiliation. In 1841 a criminal code was drawn up. Although laws regulating land and sea trade appeared, there was still no legislation with regard to family and marital relationships, which constitute an integral part of society (Timur 1956: 75).
Following the 1923 Lausanne Peace Conference, the Turkish government of the new republican regime in Turkey decided that the legal codes should be modeled after the legal systems of modern European states. The extensive legislative work conducted under the leadership of Atatürk was not a haphazard selection based on an irrational admiration of the European legal systems, but an inevitable solution to the paradoxes and conflicts described above (Timur 1956: 76).
The legal system of the old Turkish state of the Ottomans was based on religious (Islamic) principles, i.e., throughout the centuries the rules of religion were regarded as legal rules. The political development in the 19th century brought about closer contact between Turkey and the Western world, and this necessitated a reform in the judicial system. After the new Turkish Republic was founded in 1923, the Islamic legal system of the Ottoman Empire was discarded in 1924 and was substituted by secular law. Thus, reform of private law became inevitable. As the time available for the preparation of a new national civil code was limited, there remained for the Turkish jurists only one possibility: the Swiss Civil Code which with its popularity, clarity, and especially with its simple style was suitable for the purpose (Izveren 1956:93) .
Turkey has used the Swiss, German, and Italian codes as models in the field of private and public law. However, no foreign penal codes were adopted. By adoption of a foreign code (Timur 1956:77), we do not mean that a foreign system was adopted in toto. Only the legal framework of other nations, but not all the foreign laws or the entire foreign system were adopted. The new legal system was created with close attention paid to local conditions. The legal system of a nation is closely tied to the national character. The legal system of one country cannot be adopted by another without adopting the national character of the former as well. Turkey adopted the Swiss Civil Code and the Swiss Code of Obligations. The application of these codes by the Turkish courts resulted in a Turkish Civil Code and a Turkish Law of Obligations. The new Turkish Civil Law was inspired by Swiss ideas whenever these were not in conflict with the moral and social principles of the Turkish people (Ayiter 1956:42).
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nature of the Turkish Legal Language&lt;/strong&gt;
Language reform, which is one of the most widely an ardently discussed cultural problems in modern Turkey, is an issue directly related to the legal language used in Turkey today.
Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the modern Turkish Republic, aimed at creating a nationalist, secular, populist, revolutionary, and etatist republic. However, the Turkish language at that time was Ottoman Turkish, full of numerous Arabic and Persian words which was regarded as a disgrace because nationalism, the main ideology of "Kemalism" demanded the purification of the Ottoman Language by replacing its foreign elements with genuine Turkish words. Atatürk's cultural orientation which was based on a complete break with the Islamic past and the adoption of the secular values of modern western civilisation also supported this tendency. Therefore, the Latin script was introduced. Atatürk did not intend to create a new language as a result of a slow, evolutionary process, but by drastic measures within a short time. Thus he created a national association, the Turkish Linguistic Society, which was entrusted with the systematic reform of the Turkish language in close co-operation with the Ministry of Education, the Republican People's Party and the People's Houses (Halkevleri). In 1928, which is considered the beginning of Atatürk's "language revolution" in Turkey, the Turkish National Assembly amended Article 2 of the Constitution as "the religion of the State of Turkey is Islam, its official language is Turkish," and a few months later, the new Turkish alphabet composed of Latin characters was adopted by Parliament. In 1932, the Turkish Linguistic Society whose aim was "to bring out the genuine beauty and richness of the Turkish language and to elevate it to the high rank it deserves among the world's major languages" was officially founded. It was a hard task and there were many people and institutions who were fervently for this drastic change as well as those who were against it. Atatürk's death in November 1938 weakened the momentum of the language revolution. The Republican People's Party adopted its new programme and statutes in 1939, into which many Arabic terms previously eliminated were reinstated (Heyd 1954:40).
However, the movement gained new impetus through the efforts of efforts of İsmet İnönü, Atatürk's successor. Now as the President of the Turkish Republic, he issued a statement promising to continue the work inaugurated by the late Atatürk for the purification of the language from foreign elements and the evolution of a truly national language. The most drastic expression of the renewed purist tendencies was the translation of the Turkish Constitution into purer Turkish. To a certain extent, the vocabulary of the Constitution forms part of the legal terminology, and its reform is related to that of technical and scientific terms. The drafts prepared at the Faculties of Law of Ankara and Istanbul Universities by a group which included members of Parliament interested in legal and linguistic problems and members of the Linguistic Society were taken into consideration before a final draft was submitted to Parliament and adopted in January 1945. It was an exact "translation" of the constitution of 1921 (Teşkilatı Esasiye Kanunu) which was amended in 1924 and which was based on Arabic vocabulary.
In the 105 articles of the new version of the Constitution, there were only about 1410 different words borrowed from Arabic or Persian and less than 10 European words. Many of the Arabic and Persian words were replaced with Turkish ones, and those retained were given a Turkish form to the extent possible (Heyd 1954:42). The new version of the Constitution was evidently the result of a compromise between divergent opinions.
Until that time, the puristic efforts of the Linguistic Society had met with certain criticism by public opinion, but during the presidency of both Atatürk and Inonu this opposition was latent, while with the growing democratisation of Turkish society after World War 2, criticism became more verbal and public. Drastic reformation of the Turkish language was strongly opposed by Istanbul University, a large section of the press, and also by the Istanbul Teachers' Association. The reasons for the opposition were, among other things, the reluctance of people to change the vocabulary they had been used to since childhood, reluctance of journalists and authors to use words unknown to the public, and a widespread opinion that language as a living organism should develop by evolution and in accordance with its intrinsic laws. The Linguistic Society was said to have created a new artificial official and eurdite language very different from the language of ordinary conversation instead of developing the existing language so that it would be understood even by the people on the street. Under the influence of all this criticism, the Sixth Language Congress, which convened in 1949, tended towards moderation in linguistic reform. After the Extraordinary Language Congress held in 1951, the Society's new policy was outlined as "rejecting the views of both the conservatives and extreme purists, and following a middle course." The goal was to free the Turkish language from the dominance of both eastern and western languages. The most striking manifestation of the opposition to the puristic policy of the Linguistic Society with regard to our subject was the revocation of the "translated" 1945 version of the Constitution. In 1952, by the vote of an overwhelming majority, Parliament decided to reintroduce the old text of 1924 including later amendments but without any change in language. At the same time, many Arabic terms were reinstated instead of Turkish neologisms in the language of law and administration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Lastly, on July 9, 1961 a new version of the Constitution, written in completely clear and modern Turkish was submitted to a plebiscite and accepted. In 1971 and 73 some major changes were introduced into the Constitution. Following the coup d'Ttat of 1980, the previous Constitution was partially changed. In 1982, as an act of restoration of the democratic order, a new Constitution was prepared and after being submitted to a plebiscite, it was accepted and put into force the same year. A few amendments have been and still being introduced to the Constitution. However, the rest of the legislative language did not undergo a similar purification process. While the vocabulary of the Constitution has been updated, laws written in their original archaic language are still being used by the courts. Therefore, there is a large gap between the language used by the people on the street and legislation. From time to time, motions are tabled by the legislature aiming at the unity and purification of the legal language and its harmonisation with the Constitution (Özdemir, 1969:122), but these attempts have not resulted in concrete legislative action. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Today, after more than 50 years, it is evident that the language reform has succeeded in changing the vocabulary of modern Turkish to a great extent. The vocabularies of the press, administration, scholarly works, school textbooks, and literature are written in Turkish using many words introduced by the Linguistic society, along with some Arabic or Persian words.
These Arabic or Persian words can be detected especially in the discourse of elderly people. The presence of old and new words side by side in legal texts, and the fact that the language of law is still archaic Turkish including lots of Arabic and Persian words with which the young generation is completely unfamiliar are the main reasons for the difficulties encountered by legal translators in Turkey.
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;General Features of Legal Language (Turkish and English)&lt;/strong&gt;
The general features of legal language that will be discussed here apply both to English and Turkish legal languages. As Melinkoff has suggested, "legalese" is a way of "preserving a professional monopoly by locking up the trade secrets in the safe of an unknown tongue" (1963:101). On the other hand, as Tiersma suggests quoting from Sir Edward Coke, lawyers justify keeping the laws in an "unknown tongue" by pretending to "protect the public" (1999:28).
Lawyers tend to defend their technical vocabulary as essential to communication within the profession, since they can easily understand each other using the special terminology. Studying law is in a large measure studying a highly technical and frequently archaic vocabulary and a professional argot (Goodrich 1987: 176).
Law is a profession of words. The general features of legal language that apply to both English and Turkish legal languages are the following:
It is different from ordinary language with respect to vocabulary and style.
The prominent feature of legal style is very long sentences. This predilection for lengthy sentences both in Turkish and in English is due to the need to place all information on a particular topic in one complete unit in order to reduce the ambiguity that may arise if the conditions of a provision are placed in separate sentences. Another typical feature is joining together the words or phrases with the conjunctions "and, or" in English and "ve, veya" (meaning "and," "or") in Turkish. Tiersma suggests that these conjunctions are used five times as often in legal writing as in other prose styles (1999: 61).
Thirdly, there is abundant use of unusual sentence structures in both languages. The law is always phrased in an impersonal manner so as to address several audiences at once. For example a lawyer typically starts with "May it please the court" addressing the judge or judges in the third person (Tiersma 1999:67) while in Turkey court decisions begin with "Gereği dnşnnnldn" (the necessary penalty has been decided on) when a judge sentences somebody to a certain penalty.
Another feature is the flexible or vague language. Lawyers both try to be as precise as possible and use general, vague and flexible language. Flexible and abstract language is typical of constitutions which are ideally written to endure over time (Tiersma 1999: 80).
The features of "legalese" that create most problems are its technical vocabulary and archaic terminology. Both Turkish and English legal languages have retained words that have died out in ordinary speech, the reasons of which have been explained above. Historical factors and stylistic tradition explain the character of present-day English and Turkish legal languages. Many old phrases and words can be traced back to Anglo-Saxon, old French, and Medieval Latin, while in Turkish they can be traced back to the Persian used in the Ottoman Empire.
Archaic vocabulary and the grammar of authoritative older texts continue to influence contemporary legal language in both Turkey and Britain because, just as the Bible or the Koran is the authoritative source of religion for believers, documents such as statutes, constitutions, or judicial opinions are the main sources of law for the legal profession (Tiersma 1999:96). And in Turkey, just as the religious circles are reluctant in changing the Arabic language of the Koran into Turkish language, the legal circles are reluctant to change and modernise the Arabic-influenced archaic language of the Turkish legal language.
Legal language is conservative because reusing tried and proven phraseology is the safest course of action for lawyers. Archaic language is also authoritative, even sounds majestic both in Turkish and English. As Tiersma suggests "using antiquated terminology bestows a sense of timelessness on the legal system as something ... deserving of great respect" (1999:97).
In Turkey, old people using the same kind of archaic language inspire awe in most of us.
In both legal languages there are many words that have a legal meaning very different from their ordinary meanings. Tiersma calls the legal vocabulary that looks like ordinary language but which has a different meaning peculiar to law as "legal homonyms" (1999:112). This is one of the problematic features in translation.
There are also synonyms in legal languages of both Turkish and English, i.e., different words with the same meaning. One of the features of legal language which makes it difficult to understand and translate (for an ordinary translator/reader) of course is its unusual and technical vocabulary. Some of its vocabulary such as "tortfeasor," "estoppel" in English and "ahzukabza" (take and receive) in Turkish, which do not even suggest a meaning to an ordinary person, is a complete mystery to non-lawyers.
&lt;span style="color:#ff9966;"&gt;Another feature of the English legal language is the modal verb "shall." In ordinary English, "shall" typically expresses the future tense, while in English legal language "shall" does not indicate futurity, but it is employed to express a command or obligation (Tiersma 1999:105). However, in Turkish legal documents, the way of expressing legal obligation is using simple present tense.
&lt;/span&gt;Problems and Difficulties Encountered in Translating Legal Texts Between English and Turkish
Translation of legal texts (from English into Turkish and visa versa) poses problems closely related to both the nature of legal language and the specific features of both English and Turkish legal systems and languages. The examples that follow cover a wide range of legal texts; from contracts to resolutions to treaties.
I) Problems arising due to the differences in legal systems: The most &lt;span style="color:#ff9966;"&gt;daunting aspect of legal translation common to almost every language is the culture-specific quality of the texts. As Martin Weston suggests, "the basic translation difficulty of overcoming conceptual differences between languages becomes particularly acute due to cultural and more specifically institutional reasons (1983:207&lt;/span&gt;). Newmark also suggests that "a word &lt;span style="color:#ff9966;"&gt;denoting an object, an institution, or if such exists, a psychological characteristic peculiar to the source language culture is always more or less untranslatable"&lt;/span&gt; (quoted in Weston 1983:207). The equivalence of an institution, a division, a concept, or a term may not be found in the target language—in our case, in Turkish. There are no words in Turkish to express some of the most elementary notions of British law. The words "common law" and "equity" are only two of the examples. There is no system of "common law" and "equity" in the Turkish legal system. Moreover how should we translate "barrister" or "solicitor" into Turkish as there are no such job titles in the Turkish legal system. A Turkish legal translator overcomes the difficulty of translating a term or a concept which is absent in the target culture using the following methods:
&lt;span style="color:#663366;"&gt;1) Paraphrasing
&lt;/span&gt;This method is explaining the SL concept if it is unfamiliar to the target reader, when there is no equivalent institution or concept in the target culture and when a literal translation will make no sense.
As we have mentioned above, the translation of "barrister" and "solicitor is problematic, since in the Turkish legal system there are no such job titles. As we know, in the British legal system a "barrister" is a person who executes the legal case in courts, whereas "solicitors" are those who declare their opinions and recommendations to the parties in a lawsuit and who provide contact with the barrister (Yalçınkaya 1981:153).
As a concept, 'barrister' is more or less the formal equivalent of 'lawyer' in Turkey. To overcome the conceptual confusion, barrister is translated as "duruş ma avukatı," meaning the "lawyer in court," whereas "the solicitor" is translated as "danış ma avukatı" which means the "consultant lawyer."
This is paraphrasing the concepts which are not shared both by the source and target cultures. Another concept, which commonly causes translation problems between different cultures, is "Lord Chancellor." Since there is no "House of Commons" or "House of Lords" in the Turkish parliamentary system, these terms are also translated by paraphrasing. "Lord Chancellor" is translated as "Lordlar Kamarası Baskanı" meaning the "Head of the House of Lords." Concepts peculiar to the Western legal and parliamentary systems are generally translated through paraphrasing.
2&lt;span style="color:#663366;"&gt;) Finding the Functional Equivalence
&lt;/span&gt;This is using a TL expression that is the nearest equivalent concept. Of course it is much more difficult to find the functional equivalent of a legal SL term where the legal institutions of two cultures do not have much in common.
To quote an example that is problematic mostly for translators between English and French: "Solicitor" (which is used for the French "notaire") has the Turkish functional equivalent of "notary." Moreover, the generally used Turkish functional equivalent of "solicitor" is "avukat" which is the literal translation of "lawyer." Both "court" and "tribunal" are translated as "mahkeme" which is the literal translation of "court." Translation of "tribunal" as "mahkeme" is rendering the functional equivalent of it.
Using this method frequently leaves the translator short of terminology due to the different structures of the legal systems of the Turkish and British cultures.
3) &lt;span style="color:#663366;"&gt;Word-for-Word (Literal) Translation
&lt;/span&gt;This is translating lexical word for lexical word, and making adjustments of prepositions, endings, and other grammatical features if necessary. For example, "Court of Protection" is translated directly as "Koruma Mahkemesi" (Koruma=Protection and Mahkeme=Court) while the words change place so as to ensure the correct syntactic arrangement in Turkish. Other examples may include the translation of "Treasury Solicitor" as "Hazine Avukatı" (Treasury=Hazine and Solicitor= Avukat), "Courts of Chivalry" as "Şövalyelik Mahkemesi" (Chivalry=Şövalyelik, Court= Mahkeme).
On the other hand, when the source text is in Turkish, and when it is translated into English, it makes a difference whether the target text is directed to American or English culture, because the terms and institutions of different cultures using the same language may be different. For example, a "prison" in the British System is a "penitentiary" in the American system, and they are both translated as "hapishane" into Turkish. A "Magistrate's Court" in the British legal system is "Civil Court of Peace" in the American legal system, and they are both translated as "Sulh Mahkemesi" into Turkish. "Attorney" and "Sheriff" do not have simple translated equivalents in UK English and other languages (Rey 1995:88).
II) Problems arising due to the difference in the language systems, syntactic arrangements, and word orders of the Turkish and English languages:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A) The fact that the verb is placed at the beginning of a sentence in English (SVO pattern), while it is placed at the end of a sentence in Turkish (SOV pattern) creates problems for the translator. The following sentences are taken from the "Resolution adopted by 933 votes to 65, with 356 abstentions by the 94th Inter-Parliamentary, Conference (Bucharest, 13 October 1995), "To Comprehensively Ban Nuclear Weapons Testing And Halt All Present Nuclear Weapons Tests":
The 94th Inter-Parliamentary Conference, Hoping that these tests will not complicate the already difficult negotiations underway on a comprehensive test ban treaty and make it more difficult to achieve a truly comprehensive and internationally verifiable treaty,
Recalling that the Inter-Parliamentary, Union has a duty to promote the cause of international peace and security, nuclear disarmament and the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons,...
The translation into Turkish is as follows:
&lt;em&gt;Bu denemelerin nükleer silah denemelerini yasaklayan kapsamlı bir anlaşma için yapılmakta olan meşakkatli görnşmeleri daha da zorlastırmayacagını umarak Parlementolararası Birliğin uluslar arası barış ve güvenlik davasını, nükleer silahsızlanmayı ve nükleer silahların artışını engellemeyi destekleme görevine sahip olduğunu hatırlatarak
&lt;/em&gt;The underlined words, which are placed at the beginning of the sentences in the source text, will automatically shift to the end of the sentences in the translated text which is in Turkish:
This difference &lt;strong&gt;in word orders&lt;/strong&gt; of both languages can also be visually explicit. The heading of the source text is as follows:
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;RESOLUTION
On Economic and Trade Relations Between the Community and Turkey.
However, the target text has the following arrangement:
Topluluk ve Türkiye Arasındaki Ekonomik ve Ticari İlişkiler Üzerine KARAR
As obvious, even the visual arrangement of the heading shows great difference as the word "Resolution" (meaning "Karar" in Turkish) is placed at the beginning in the English text, while it is placed at the end in the Turkish sentence.
B) Another difficulty arises due to the use of &lt;strong&gt;modal verb "shall" in legal English&lt;/strong&gt;. When they study the grammar of the English language, Turkish students learn that "shall" is the modal verb indicating futurity, and therefore they tend to translate the sentences containing "shall" as future tense into Turkish. However, as Danet suggests (1985:281), in formal English legal language, "&lt;strong&gt;shall" is used to express authority and obligation&lt;/strong&gt; (Bowers 1989:35), rather than futurity.
The following is an example taken from the Memorandum signed in Prague on 19 October 1989 between Czechoslovakia and Turkey:
Article 2:
&lt;em&gt;"The Parties shall take the necessary measures to ensure the mutual facilitation of tourist flow in their respective countries
&lt;/em&gt;Article 5:
&lt;em&gt;"The parties shall exchange information, technology and experts in the field of tourism training&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;."
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;The translation is as follows:
Madde 2:
"Taraflar kendi ulkelerinde turist akısını karsılıklı olarak kolaylastırmayı saglamak icin gerekli tedbirleri alırlar (The parties take the necessary measures...).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;"Madde 5:"Taraflar turizm eğitimi alanında karşılıklı bilgi, teknoloji ve uzman mübadelesinde."bulunurlar (The parties exchange information)."&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The verbs in bold letters are the verbs of both texts. The source text uses the modal verb "shall," while the correct translation uses the present tense.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
III) Problems arising due to the lack of an established terminology in Turkey in the field of law: Although the terminographer Daniel Gouadec says that identifying only one term for a specific concept, object, or situation is impossible (1990:XVII), the necessity for each subject field to describe, standardise, and teach its terminology has now become evident in the age of ever increasing international relationships.
The following examples, which are taken from The Treaties Establishing the European Communities (1996), and their translations, show that there may be more than one counterpart in Turkish of a single word in English:
1) Any European state may apply to accede to this Treaty. It shall address its application to the Council, which shall act unanimously after obtaining the opinion of the High Authority; the council shall also determine the terms of accession; likewise acting unanimously. Accession shall take effect on the day when the instrument of accession is received (Article 98).
The translation into Turkish is as follows:
1) Her Avrupa devleti işbu antlaşmaya taraf olmak için başvuruda bulunabilir. Antlaşmaya taraf olmak isteyen devlet Konseye basvurur. Konsey, Yüksek Otoritenin görüşünü aldıktan sonra oybirligiyle karar alır ve yine oybirliğiyle katılma şartlarını belirler. Bu katılma katılma belgesinin işbu antlaşmanın .......(Avrupa Topluluklarını Kuran Temel Antlaşmalar,1996, Madde:98).
As noted above, the verb "accede" is translated as "taraf olmak," while its noun derivation "accession" is rendered by a noun which is derived from a totally different verb "katılmak" in Turkish. Thus two different verbs which are "taraf olmak" and "katılmak" are used in the target text for a single verb "access" in the source text.
Another example is the following:
2)....to evade the rules of competition instituted under this Treaty, in particular by establishing an artificially privileged position involving a substantial advantage in access to supplies or markets (Article 66) .
2)...özellikle ikmal kaynaklarından veya pazarlardan yararlanmada önemli bir avantaj elde edecek şekilde....(Madde:66).
Unlike in article (1), the same English verb "access" is rendered by a completely different Turkish verb "yararlanma" which literally has the English equivalence of "benefit from."
To elaborate on the examples and in order to indicate how serious the issue is, let us take a look at some more examples from the Translation into Turkish of the "Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms." Excerpts from the texts in target and source languages are given below:
Article 5:
&lt;em&gt;Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be deprived of his liberty save in the following cases and in accordance with a procedure prescribed by law:&lt;/em&gt;
a) The lawful detention of a person after conviction by a competent court
b) The lawful arrest or detention of a person.....
The translation into Turkish is as follows:
1).....
a) Salahiyetli her mahkeme tarafından mahkumiyeti üzerine usulu dairesinde hapsedilmesi
b) Bir mahkeme tarafından kanuna uygun olarak verilen bir karara....
The adjectives "lawful" having exactly the same meanings in the source text above are translated as "usulu dairesinde" and "kanuna uygun olarak" respectively in the target text, and these are official translations.
IV) Problems due to the use of unusual sentence structures in the English legal language: As Tiersma suggests, there are various kinds of subjunctives, all of which have died out in modern English, especially in spoken language (1999:93). The type of "legal" subjunctive is a construction known as the "formulaic subjunctive" which involves use of a verb in its base form and conveys roughly the same meanings as "let" or "may." This usage, which Tiersma characterises as formal and old fashioned, is still very much alive in legal usage. The frequent phrase used at the beginning of a Power of Attorney, "Know all men by these presents" is a completely uncommon word order and uncommon sentence structure. In a "Vekaletname" in Turkish, which is the counterpart of a Power of Attorney, there is no uncommon sentence structure as such, although the general sentence structure of it resembles that of the Power of Attorney with respect to its length and complexity.
Another example is the "British enactment clause" (Tiersma 1999:93), which is found at the beginning of all statutes:
"&lt;em&gt;Be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same....."
&lt;/em&gt;In addition to the subjunctive, this clause illustrates several other common features of legal English, such as French word order (Lords Spiritual and Temporal), formal language (Queen's most Excellent Majesty), odd word order (in Parliament assembled), and conjoined phrases (by and with, advice and consent) (Tiersma 1999:93), which are still very challenging features for a Turkish legal translator.
V) The fifth main reason for the errors and difficulties in the translation of legal texts is the fact that the language used in the legal system in Turkey is very old and generally quite different from the currently used language for the reasons explained in the previous chapters. There are still many words and patterns in legal Turkish texts which are completely out of date in other types of discourse.
The following terms are taken from the Contract signed between the Public Airports Administration of the Republic of Turkey and Company X for the purchase of special material. These terms are completely in old Turkish and are used nowhere else in Turkey presently except in legal texts. Although they are not understandable to a Western reader, it would be interesting to see the difference between the old Turkish words which still occur in legal texts and their modern Turkish versions used in non-legal discourse. Their English equivalents are given in parenthesis below:
Words in Old Turkish
Modern Turkish Versions
gayri kabili rücu (irrevocable)
geri dönülmez
muhabir banka (correspondent bank)
bildirimci banka
vecibe (obligation)
yükümlülük
navlun (freight)
gemi taşıma ücreti
sevk vesaiki (shipping document)
gönderme belgesi
We could provide many more examples. &lt;strong&gt;The old Turkish used in the field of law not only makes the translation of texts a hard task, but also hampers the instructor's endeavours to teach translation in this field&lt;/strong&gt;. It is absolutely necessary that the current use of the old words be taught to the translation students before starting the actual translation process. The archaic expressions found in legal English for reasons mentioned in the previous chapters add to the problem. These include: hereinafter, hereto, herein, hereby, hereof, thereof, therein, thereby, thereto, etc. None of them can be translated by a single word, and translators often have a hard time finding equivalents for these archaic expressions.
VI) Problems arising due to the use of common terms with uncommon meanings: As Brenda Danet suggests, "legal language has a penchant for using familiar words (but) with uncommon meanings" (1985:279). Let us take, as an example, the word "assignment" which is generally known as "something assigned, a task or a duty." Turkish students of translation have learnt the word in its general literal meaning and they continue to know it as such until they have to translate an "assignment," which is a legal document. Of course, the first thing they have to do is to search for the meaning of "assignment" in a legal dictionary. The same applies to the words "whereas" and "having regard to" among many others. In legal documents such as contracts, the above-mentioned words function as "considering" or "taking into consideration," and must be so translated into Turkish.

&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Sarcevic suggests that the traditional principle of fidelity has recently been challenged by the introduction of new bilingual drafting methods which have succeeded in revolutionising legal translation. Contrary to freer forms of translation, legal translators are still guided by the principle of fidelity; however their first consideration is no longer fidelity to the source text but to guarantee the effectiveness of multilingual communication in the legal field (1997:16).
While lawyers cannot expect translators to produce parallel texts that are identical in meaning, they do expect them to produce parallel text that are identical in their legal effect. Thus the translator's main task is to create a text that will produce the same legal effect in practice. To do so, the translator must be able "to understand not only what the words mean and what a sentence means, but also what legal effect it is supposed to have, and how to achieve that legal effect in the other language (Sarcevic 1997:70-71).
Translators must be able to use legal language effectively to express legal concepts in order to achieve the desired effect. They must be familiar with the conventional rules and styles of legal texts in every field of the individual legal systems. A legal translator must not forget that even a Will is not valid if not written in the correct style.

&lt;strong&gt;References&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;AYITER, F. 1956 "The Interpretations of a National System of Laws Received from Abroad," Annales de la faculté de droit d'Istanbul . Istanbul:Fakülteler Matbaası.
&lt;li&gt;Avrupa Topluluklarını Kuran Temel Antlaşmalar. 1996. T.C Başbakanlık D.P.T Yayınları.
BHATIA, V.K. 1983. Analysing Genre: Language Use in Professional Settings. London: Longman.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;BOWERS, Frederic. 1989 Linguistic Aspects of Legislative Expressions. Vancouver; University of Columbia Press.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Contract between The Public Airport Administration of the Republic of Turkey and Company X.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Convention For the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
DANET, Brenda. 1985. "Legal Discourse," Handbook of Discourse Analysis. Vol.1 New York: Academic Press.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;GOODRICH Peter. 1987. Legal Discourse. Hong Kong: Mac Millan&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;GOUADEC, Daniel. 1990. Terminologie Constitution des Donnés. Afnor: Paris.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;HEYD, Uriel. 1954. Language Reform in Modern Turkey. Jerusalem: Hadassah Apprentice School of Printing.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;IZVEREN, Adil . 1956. "The Reception of the Swiss Civil Code in Turkey," Annales de la Faculte de Droit D'Istanbul. Istanbul: Fakülteler Matbaası.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;MELINKOFF, David. 1963. The Language of the Law. Boston: Little Brown
Memorandum between Czechoslovakia and Turkey. October 1989.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;MORRIS, Marshall (ed.) 1995. Translation and the Law. Amsterdam: John Benjamins
NEWMARK, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall
Official Journal of the European Communities. 17.4.1989.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ÖZDEMIR, Emin. 1969." Yasaların Dili" (Language of Law), Journal of TDK. Ankara: TDK Publucations.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Results of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. 94th Conference and Related Meetings. 6-4 October 1995 Bucharest, Romania.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;REY, Alain. 1995 Essays on Terminology. (ed. and tr.) Juan C. Sager Amsterdam: John Benjamins.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;SARCEVIC, Susan. 1997. New Approach to Legal Translation. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;TIERSMA, Peter M. 1989. Linguistic Aspects of Legislative Expression. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;TIMUR, Hıfzı.1956. "The Place of Islamic Law in Turkish Law Reform," Annales de la Faculte de Droit D'Istanbul. Istanbul: Fakülteler Matbaası.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Treaties Establishing the European Communities. Abridged Edition
WESTON, Martin. 1983. "Problems and Principals in Legal Translation," The Incorporated Linguist. Autumn, Vol 22, No:4&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;YALÇINKAYA, Namık Kemal. 1981. Ingiliz Hukuku (The British Law). Ankara: Eroglu Matbaası.


© Copyright Translation Journal and the Author 2002&lt;/li&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-4893939843188744314?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='related' href='http://accurapid.com/journal/22legal.htm' title='Traduzione Giuridica_ Ayfer Altay'/><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/4893939843188744314/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=4893939843188744314' title='2 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4893939843188744314'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4893939843188744314'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/traduzione-giuridica-ayfer-altay.html' title='Traduzione Giuridica_ Ayfer Altay'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp1.blogger.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/RqcmniVOKeI/AAAAAAAAAAU/wQvX167hkI4/s72-c/Altay_TURKEY.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-4023436103769017737</id><published>2007-07-18T13:01:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-11-11T00:30:44.938-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='how to teach legal English'/><title type='text'>Traduzione Giuridica_De Leo</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pitfalls in Legal Translation&lt;/strong&gt; by Davide De Leo &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;


The process of translating a legal text into a foreign language is littered with a series of different obstacles which may be divided by type. One of the following may exist in the two legal systems “featured” in the translation: the same institution, governed in the same way.

This case is extremely rare, if not non-existent; the same institution, governed differently (albeit only slightly differently);
an institution that exists in one legal system but no longer exists in the other;
an institution that exists in one legal system but does not exist in the other. The obstacles have been listed here in order of difficulty.

Example 1, where the institution exists in both systems, poses negligible problems; the translator need only find the translation of the statute, ruling or the like used in the target country. Here I will use a “trick” by seeking help from bilingual and trilingual countries such as Switzerland or Canada. I use the word trick because two or three languages are used in this case to describe the same law.
Let us take as our example an offence from the Swiss Penal Code (sw.p.c.): falsità in certificati (Section 252 of the sw.p.c.). We may be one hundred per cent certain that the French Faux dans les certificats and German Fälschung von Ausweisen are the exact translation of the Italian falsità in certificati. By exact translation I mean that they describe the same offence (with an identical definition); the offence is punished in the same way:
&lt;em&gt;Chiunque, al fine di migliorare la situazione propria o altrui, contraffà od altera carte di legittimazione, certificati, attestati, fa uso, a scopo di inganno, di un atto di questa natura contraffatto od alterato da un terzo, abusa, a scopo di inganno, di scritti autentici di questa natura non destinati a lui, è punito con la detenzione o con la multa.
Chiunque fa mestiere della contraffazione od alterazione di tali scritti o fa di essi commercio, è punito con la detenzione non inferiore ad un mese.&lt;/em&gt; and in French:

&lt;em&gt;Celui qui, dans le dessin d’améliorer sa situation ou celle d’autrui, aura contrefait ou falsifié des pièces de légitimation, des certificats ou des attestations, aura fait usage, pour tromper autrui, d’un écrit de cette nature contrefait ou falsifié par un tiers, ou aura abusé, pour tromper autrui, d’un écrit de cette nature, véritable mais non à lui destiné, sera puni de l’emprisonnement ou de l’amende.
Celui qui fera métier de contrefaire ou de falsifier de tels écrits, ou qui en fera trafic, sera puni de l’emprisonnement pour un mois au moins.&lt;/em&gt;

The offence is barred by statute after the same number of years and so on. However, this is not the case if I need to translate the French “loi” (vis-à-vis example 2 into Italian); while the translation “legge” (law) springs to mind, I am aware that the two terms are not identical in meaning. For instance, a French law is voted in by an institution (parliament) which is structured differently to its Italian equivalent; to be passed, the same law might need a different majority to that required in Italy, and so on. While I may appear to be splitting hairs, the real problem becomes evident if I need to translate the French term “réclusion,” for example, into Italian. Here we need to establish the source of the French text.
Section 35 of the sw.p.c. states:
&lt;em&gt;la réclusion est la plus grave des peines privatives de liberté. Sa durée est d’un an au moins et de vingt ans au plus. Lorsque la loi le prévoit expressément, la réclusion est à vie.&lt;/em&gt; And from the sw.p.c. in Italian: &lt;em&gt;la reclusione è la più grave delle pene privative della libertà personale. La sua durata minima è di un anno, la durata massima di venti. La reclusione è perpetua se la legge lo dichiara espressamente.&lt;/em&gt;

The term “detenzione” (“imprisonnement” in French) is defined as follows in Section 36 of the sw.p.c.: La durata minima della detenzione è di tre giorni; la durata massima è di tre anni, salvo che la legge disponga espressamente in altro modo.
However, Section 23 of the Italian Penal Code states: &lt;em&gt;La pena della reclusione si estende da quindici giorni a ventiquattro anni, ed è scontata in uno degli stabilimenti a ciò destinati, con l’obbligo del lavoro e con l’isolamento notturno. Il condannato alla reclusione, [che ha scontato almeno un anno della pena], può essere ammesso al lavoro all’aperto.&lt;/em&gt;

The Belgian Penal Code makes a distinction (in French) between détention and reclusion. Section 13 reads as follows: &lt;em&gt;La durée de la reclusion est de cinq ans à dix ans, while Section 6 makes reference to détention: La détention est à perpétuité ou à temps. La détention à temps est ordinaire ou extraordinaire. La détention ordinaire est prononcée pour un terme de cinq ans à dix ans ou de dix ans à quinze ans. La détention extraordinaire est prononcée pour quinze ans au moins at vingt ans au plus. &lt;/em&gt;A distinction is made in the French spoken in France between emprisonnement: peine correctionnelle privative de liberté de six mois à dix ans au plus (Section 131-4) and réclusion criminelle: temporaire (trente ans au plus, dix ans au moins) ou pérpetuelle (Section 131-1). Leaving aside the obvious lexical translation (réclusion = reclusione), one should be aware that there are significant semantic differences. As explained above, a distinction is made in Switzerland between réclusion (more serious) and imprisonnement, in Belgium between détention (more serious) and reclusion, and in France between réclusion criminelle (more serious) and emprisonnement.

A further case arises when dealing with an institution which exists in one legal system but no longer exists in the other. Let us take the death penalty as our example. If I am confronted with the English term “death penalty,” I understand exactly what it means and how to translate it into Italian (pena di morte), even though this penalty no longer exists in my country (hence example 3).

Greater problems arise, however, if one is required to translate the name of an institution which does not exist in the country of the target language. Here I would advise leaving the term in the source language (in italics, naturally) and, where necessary, providing a translator’s note. In this case, matters are often made easier if the institution exists in a third country, the language of which is the same (or similar) to that of the target text. If we were asked by an American magistrate to translate a text written by a Swedish magistrate from Swedish into English, for example, we might presume that it is based on an institution which exists—naturally—in Sweden but not in the United States. Luckily enough the offence is defined—and therefore mentioned—in English law. As a result we may use the English term in the translation for the United States. This does not mean that a translator’s note (an extremely useful way of explaining that the term has been used with some caution) is unnecessary.

As part of a request from the British legal authorities to their Italian counterparts, I was recently asked to translate the term &lt;em&gt;approprazione indebita&lt;/em&gt; into English. As I was unable to find the British English equivalent (the English magistrate suggested theft, which was later rejected) we decided to use “&lt;em&gt;fraudulent conversion&lt;/em&gt;,” which is in fact a US offence. While the English magistrate had some initial reservations about using a term he knew to be American, he eventually approved my choice. Black’s Law Dictionary&lt;a name="1'"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://accurapid.com/journal/08legal.htm#1"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;defines Fraudulent Conversion as “&lt;em&gt;Receiving into possession money or property of another and fraudulently withholding, converting, or applying the same to or for one’s own use and benefit, or to use and benefit of any person other than the one to whom the money or property belongs.”&lt;/em&gt;

In this case, however, the problem was much more serious and went beyond concerns of a lexical or translation-related nature. A judicial authority who receives a request from a foreign authority (to confiscate an item of property, carry out an examination or any other action within his/her competence) must, of course, understand the offence of which the person in question is accused (the foreign party must therefore explain the offence so that the authority is able to understand it). Failure to do so may result in refusal to accept the request (not quite as rare an occurrence as one might think). This leads us to a further issue. It is obvious that the care, training and experience required to produce a legal translation and solve the problems mentioned above make it essential for a professional translator (and one who is worthy of such a title) to carry out the translation. Unfortunately, the Italian legal system does its very best to ensure that no professional translators come near the courts of justice. [.....]

&lt;a href="http://accurapid.com/journal/08legal.htm#1"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; Black’s Law Dictionary—Definitions of the Terms and Phrases of American and English Jurisprudence, Ancient and Modern by Henry Campbell Black, M.A.—Sixth Edition—St. Paul, Minn. West Publishing Co. 1990&lt;a name="2"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href="http://accurapid.com/journal/08legal.htm#2"&gt;2&lt;/a&gt; This is a real paradox: urgency is penalised. The quicker a job is completed, the less the translator is paid for it.&lt;a name="3"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href="http://accurapid.com/journal/08legal.htm#3"&gt;3&lt;/a&gt; In theory, since even if the translator takes 15 days to finish the job, he or she will wait until the 25th day to deliver it to avoid being paid for just 60 vacazioni.

This article was originally published at Translation Journal Volume 3, No. 2 July 1999&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-4023436103769017737?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/4023436103769017737/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=4023436103769017737' title='30 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4023436103769017737'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/4023436103769017737'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/traduzione-giuridicade-leo.html' title='Traduzione Giuridica_De Leo'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>30</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-2047718749077383837</id><published>2007-07-17T15:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-07-17T15:35:09.726-07:00</updated><title type='text'>COme inserire un'immagine nel web log</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp3.blogger.com/_8ICB-sVqT0M/Rp1CzWs7KaI/AAAAAAAAABI/UYd9s6yIk_g/s1600-h/Screenshot-http:--www.blogger.com+-+Blogger:+Carica+immagini+-+Mozilla+Firefox.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_8ICB-sVqT0M/Rp1CzWs7KaI/AAAAAAAAABI/UYd9s6yIk_g/s200/Screenshot-http:--www.blogger.com+-+Blogger:+Carica+immagini+-+Mozilla+Firefox.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5088296604033296802" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_8ICB-sVqT0M/Rp1AZGs7KXI/AAAAAAAAAAw/U5ThDD-OeiY/s1600-h/154806424_e7a6a70166.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 99px; height: 149px;" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_8ICB-sVqT0M/Rp1AZGs7KXI/AAAAAAAAAAw/U5ThDD-OeiY/s200/154806424_e7a6a70166.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5088293954038475122" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;Per inserire un'immagine è necessario usare il secondo tool iniziando da destra sulla barra degli strumenti.
Clikkando sul tool indicato si apre una finestra di dialogo come quella in figura.
Le operazioni da fare a questo punto sono:
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Individuare l'immagine, già presente nel nostro hard disk in una posizione accessibile, dopo aver cliccato sul tasto Browse...&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Scegliere il layout che significa scegliere la posizione per l'immagine all'interno della pagina&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;indicare le dimensioni dell'immagine.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;Fatto questo è necessario caricare l'immagine e completare l'operazione.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-2047718749077383837?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/2047718749077383837/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=2047718749077383837' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/2047718749077383837'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/2047718749077383837'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/yyyyyy.html' title='COme inserire un&apos;immagine nel web log'/><author><name>Dott. Otello Carrieri</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='26' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_8ICB-sVqT0M/SPmwD0kNEtI/AAAAAAAABD4/M4wj8HCaSfc/S220/Immagine+008.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp3.blogger.com/_8ICB-sVqT0M/Rp1CzWs7KaI/AAAAAAAAABI/UYd9s6yIk_g/s72-c/Screenshot-http:--www.blogger.com+-+Blogger:+Carica+immagini+-+Mozilla+Firefox.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-2842784769307733992</id><published>2007-07-14T02:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-07-14T06:46:06.809-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Corsi di Giurisprudenza in lingua inglese</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;Mi ricollego al commento rilasciato da Andrea Falcone e sul riportato articolo dell'intervista pubblicata sul corriere della sera ieri 13-07.07 &lt;strong&gt;sulle competenze dell'inglese in Italia.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;Non possiamo sperare di raggiungere quell' "European space for higher Education" auspicato dal processo di Bologna , puntando solo al riconoscimento ed equipollenza dei titoli accademici. Occorre insistere anche sulle competenze in lingua, nello specifico dell'inglese come lingua franca in una società globalizzata. Una competenza non più meramente lessicale e grammaticale ma rivolta verso un &lt;strong&gt;apprendimento in L2&lt;/strong&gt; che ci consenta di avvicinarci verso quel processo di internazionalizzazione.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;Stiamo parlando della metodologia CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) ovvero insegnare e apprendere attraverso una lingua straniera. Questo approccio, avviato in Europa dagli anni 90', anche in Italia ha riportato notevoli successi soprattutto nell'ambito tecnico-scientifico. Tuttavia gli esempi concreti sono ancora pochi e non abbastanza per segnare un cambiamento, più grave a livello universitario, dove il numero dei corsi tenuti in lingua inglese è veramente irrisorio.&lt;/span&gt;
Sulle potenzialità del CLIL  rimando all'articolo di  &lt;a href="http://www.europavicina.it/pdfs/Europa_Vicina_13.pdf"&gt;di Giselle Langé &lt;/a&gt;pubblicato su &lt;em&gt;Europa Vicina
&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;span style="color:#cc6600;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Con il vs contributo, in questa sezione potremmo segnalare tutti i corsi di giurisprudenza, tenuti in lingua inglese&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;color:#cc6600;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;color:#cc6600;"&gt;_______________________________________________________________________________&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Dalla facoltà di Giurisprudenza di Firenze&lt;/span&gt;:


&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;STUDYING INTERNATIONAL LAW IN FLORENCE
&lt;/strong&gt;In order to enhance the international dimension of its educational programme and to facilitate student exchange with universities abroad, the Faculty of Law of the University of Florence is introducing a substantial English language component in its curriculum. One step in this direction is the recently introduced possibility to follow the compulsory course of international law in English instead of Italian. This opportunity is available from the first semester of the current academic year, and is open also to students of other Italian and foreign universities as well as to interested persons wishing to obtain a training in international law.
The new English language international law course will be held in the academic year 2006-2007 by Professor Giorgio Gaja, who is currently First Vice-Chairman of the United Nations International Law Commission. The full course will include 60 hours of lectures and seminars, on the basis of 6 hours a week, beginning on September 27. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Topics that will be covered include: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;(1) the structure of international society, the role of the United Nations and the systems for the settlement of international disputes; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;(2) sources of international law, with particular regard to its codification and the law of treaties;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;(3) relations between international law and domestic laws; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;(4) State sovereignty and diplomatic relations; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;(5) the treatment of aliens and the international protection of human rights; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;(6) international criminal law; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;(7) international responsibility of States; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;(8) the impact of the European Community and the European Union on international relations.
Persons who are not currently enrolled in the University of Florence can register as participants at the students’ secretariat of the Faculty of Law, Piazza Indipendenza 9, Florence. Further information can be obtained at the Service for International Relations of the Faculty of Law or writing to the Chairman of the Board of International Relations, Professor Alessandro Simoni, at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a title="alessandro.simoni@unifi.it" href="mailto:alessandro.simoni@unifi.it" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;alessandro.simoni@unifi.it&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;color:#cc6600;"&gt;__________________________________________________________________________&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Dalla scuola per mediatori linguistici di &lt;strong&gt;PISA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Master in Traduzione Giuridica e Assistita&lt;/strong&gt;

Metodo: In aula / &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;Durata: 160 Ore

Prezzo/Agevolazioni: €4.500

Requisiti: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;• le competenze dei candidati nella lingua straniera; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;• la loro attitudine a seguire con profitto la formazione.

Titolo riconosciuto: Master in Traduzione Giuridica e Assistita

Stage: SI

A cosa ti prepara:

Volto a promuovere sia lo studio dell'attività di traduzione giuridica legata alla comparazione, interpretazione e traduzione di testi giuridici da utilizzare presso istituzioni ed enti pubblici e privati, nazionali e internazionali, sia gli strumenti necessari alla traduzione assistita per il raggiungimento di un elevato profilo professionale, atto a svolgere attività di traduzione specializzata

Rivolto a:

La partecipazione del Master è riservato ad un massimo di 15 partecipanti. I candidati alla frequenza del Master dovranno essere in possesso di un diploma di laurea triennale (nuovo ordinamento), di laurea quadriennale (vecchio ordinamento) o di laurea specialistica, indipendentemente dalla facoltà di provenienza, conseguito in un’Università degli Studi della Repubblica Italiana o in un altro Istituto Superiore equiparato o di un altro titolo equivalente conseguito presso un’Altra Università.

Classe: 15 alunni per classe &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;_&lt;span style="color:#cc6600;"&gt;_________________________________________________________________________&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color:#cc6600;"&gt;Questo non riguarda Giurisprudenza ma mi piace l'iniziativa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pubblicato su La Stampa 30/06/07
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Po&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;litecnico gratis se studi in inglese a cura di G. Favro&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;"Chi studia in inglese non paga le tasse. E’ una delle novità decise dal Politecnico per gli aspiranti architetti e ingegneri che tra poco s’affacceranno per la prima volta all’ateneo. La carica delle matricole comincerà il 26 luglio, quando partiranno le pre-iscrizioni ai test d’ammissione, e il rettore Francesco Profumo ha preparato per i nuovi studenti un programma che preme più che mai l’acceleratore sull’internalizzazione. Per tutti i corsi è attivato il primo anno in inglese, e la chance è estesa per la prima volta anche a Biella e Vercelli: nella prima si tratta di ingegneria tessile (che sostituisce l’analogo corso in italiano, soppresso), mentre a Vercelli sono state chiuse ingegneria elettronica e informatica, sostituite da «electronic and computing engeneering». Qualunque studente italiano s’iscriva a queste lauree - che puntano anche ad attrarre stranieri - così come a quelle per le matricole a Torino, non pagherà un euro di tasse. Da parte del Poli, uno sforzo e un regalo non piccoli: chi s’impegnerà nelle lezioni in lingua risparmierà fino a mille e 500 euro. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;La spinta verso l’inglese (per incoraggiare i ragazzi ci saranno anche brevi pre-corsi) punta a più obiettivi ed è piuttosto articolata, visto che da settembre prenderanno il via in questa lingua anche 3 lauree di Architettura e 6 specialistiche di ingegneria (nanotecnologie per le Ict, e le ingegnerie gestionale, telematica, informatica, elettronica, delle telecomunicazioni). Si svolge inoltre in inglese Ingegneria dell’auto. «Vogliamo favorire l’internazionalizzazione e la propensione verso altri Paesi dei ragazzi - spiega Profumo - e mescolare il sangue, inserendo stranieri anche nelle sedi decentrate. Oltre a prevedere l’inglese a Biella e Vercelli, indirizzeremo a Mondovì, Alessandria e Verres i giovani di lingua spagnola e francese». Per attrarre più studenti dall’estero (oggi sono 1600, il 6%) sono state anche attivate 250 borse di studio da ben 10 mila euro l’una, destinate ai migliori. Sono due milioni e mezzo, una grossa somma per il Poli, ma «è un investimento che ritengo necessario, anche se mi tocca pagare su questa cifra pure le tasse. Ogni iniziativa che aiuti a mescolare sempre più lingue e nazioni è una priorità». Da quest’anno partono anche le pre-iscrizioni al campus italo-cinese, avviate lo scorso anno solo per i giovani orientali. Chi avrà la chance d’essere ammesso ai corsi di ingegneria dell’informazione, e di ingegneria meccanica e della produzione, studierà in parte in Italia e in parte in Cina: «Una chance - commenta Profumo - che se avessi meno di vent’anni non mi lascerei mai sfuggire». Al capitolo internazionalizzazione è pure nato un nuovo ufficio, in cui lavorano 25 persone. Sono incaricate anche dell’accoglienza e dell’inserimento dei ragazzi venuti da oltre confine nella vita cittadina. Sempre in tema «mescolanza di sangue», infine, c’è l’aumento degli accordi di doppio titolo con altri atenei. Sono saliti a 61, 34 in Europa e 27 in altri continenti. I ragazzi compiono, anche in questo caso, parte del percorso di studi al Poli e parte nell’ateneo straniero con cui è in corso la partnership. Conseguono alla fine non una, ma due lauree, una per università in cui sono stati studenti."
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-2842784769307733992?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/2842784769307733992/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=2842784769307733992' title='1 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/2842784769307733992'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/2842784769307733992'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/corsi-di-giurisprudenza-in-lingua.html' title='Corsi di Giurisprudenza in lingua inglese'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-8432519117661772889</id><published>2007-07-10T03:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-07-14T06:16:22.080-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Linguistica Giuridica_L.Fiorito</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Traduzione e tradizione giuridica:il Legal English dalla Common Law alla Civil Law&lt;/strong&gt; a cura di Lorenzo Fiorito

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Abstract: The article discusses some theoretical and practical aspects of legal translation, and the question is examined whether differences between common law and civil law systems can be overcome in translation, with English playing the role of «mediation language».

&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduzione
&lt;/strong&gt;
Nel volume monografico di “Ars interpretandi” pubblicato nel 2000 e intitolato Traduzione e diritto, R. Sacco rileva che "nei prossimi vent'anni i problemi della traduzione diverranno certamente il capitolo più promettente della comparazione giuridica, in grado di aprire vie d'importanza primordiale per l'epistemologia giuridica e la riforme della lingua giuridica".
Ciò discende non solo dall’interesse dottrinale per i sistemi giuridici diversi da quello di appartenenza, a cui consegue la necessità di rendere nella propria lingua termini ed istituti appartenenti all'ordinamento giuridico straniero, ma anche da altre ragioni di ordine più operativo: da un lato, la globalizzazione ha determinato la comparsa e la circolazione di norme e documenti giuridici, come ad esempio i contratti, che regolano i rapporti tra soggetti di paesi diversi: da qui il problema della lingua (o delle lingue) in cui redigere i testi ed i relativi problemi di traduzione; dall’altro, la presenza di immigrati nei paesi occidentali impone la ricezione all'interno del nostro ordinamento di norme giuridiche straniere. Iura aliena novit curia, come è riaffermato dalla legge 218/95, che riforma il diritto internazionale privato italiano.
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Il problema della traduzione giuridica&lt;/strong&gt;
Ogni sistema legislativo si situa in un quadro sociale e politico complesso che risponde alla storia, agli usi ed alle abitudini di un particolare gruppo etnico o nazione. Questa struttura complessa è raramente identica da un paese ad un altro, anche se le origini dei rispettivi sistemi legislativi possono avere punti in comune. La diversità dei sistemi legislativi rende la ricerca nel campo della terminologia legale molto difficile perché un concetto particolare in un sistema legislativo può non avere corrispondenti in altri sistemi. A volte, accade che un concetto particolare può esistere in due sistemi differenti e riferirsi a realtà differenti. Porsi il problema della interpretazione e quindi della traducibilità dei termini legali da una lingua all'altra implica sia uno studio comparativo (sebbene limitato al campo specialistico oggetto del discorso) sui sistemi legislativi differenti che una consapevolezza dei problemi generati o dall'assenza degli equivalenti o, dall'altro lato, dalla perfetta equivalenza dei termini ma con sfumature giuridiche assolutamente peculiari. A questo riguardo la comparazione giuridica ha esaminato alcuni aspetti particolari relativi all'utilizzo di nozioni astratte come, ad esempio, «contratto», contract, contrat, «proprietà», property, propriété, «fatto illecito», tort, fait illicite, e simili: ognuna di queste espressioni è caratterizzata nei dettagli da una differente disciplina giuridica in base al sistema di cui fa parte, e perciò stesso esprime una nozione giuridica peculiare.

&lt;strong&gt;Alcuni aspetti teorici
&lt;/strong&gt;Mentre il De Saussure asseriva «l'impossibilità per un segno di una lingua di occupare, nei sistemi dei segni che occupa nella sua lingua, il segno con il quale ci si sforza di tradurlo»,&lt;a name="1'"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.accurapid.com/journal/33legal.htm#1"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; sia per Hjelmslev che per Sapir e Whorf vi è una forte correlazione tra la lingua e il suo ambiente; l'intraducibilità dal punto di vista strettamente linguistico sarebbe quindi nella natura stessa delle cose.
San Gerolamo non ha alcun dubbio sul modo in cui procedere, come egli stesso spiega a più riprese nelle prefazioni alle sue traduzioni. In una lettera indirizzata a Pammachio, scritta nel 395 d.C., egli cita come maestro Cicerone, il quale aveva dichiarato che il miglior modo di tradurre consiste nel riproporre «le stesse frasi e le loro figure di parole e di idee con vocaboli consoni ai nostri usi. Non ho giudicato necessario rendere parola per parola, ma di tutte le parole ho conservato il valore e l'espressività»
Tuttavia, la traducibilità giuridica presenta delle regole peculiari; secondo Cooray «problems arise in legal translations which are not present in the case of translations in other subjects» Spesso non vi è una corrispondenza tra i concetti, le categorie e gli istituti nei vari sistemi giuridici, per cui tradurre fedelmente un atto, una norma giuridica o una sentenza è molto difficile.
R. Sacco avverte che: «le vere difficoltà di traduzione sono dovute (...) al fatto che il rapporto tra parola e concetto non è lo stesso in tutte le lingue giuridiche»
Ogni traduzione è interpretazione del testo. Questo atto interpretativo è inteso come attribuzione di significato ad un simbolo. La traduzione-interpretazione del testo parte, quindi, dal significato da assegnare ai termini che compongono il discorso giuridico per giungere alla definizione di esso con termini giuridicamente appropriati nella lingua d'arrivo. Sotto questo aspetto Sacco sottolinea come "al momento di tradurre, l'operatore sarà in presenza di due realtà: da un canto il testo, con i suoi vocaboli e la sua sintassi; dall'altro canto il senso da assegnare al testo, ossia la norma giuridica".I giuscomparatisti lo sanno bene e, quando operano con le categorie di un sistema di dritto straniero, lungi dal cercare un equivalente lessicale preferiscono riportare il termine straniero (esempio trust, equity, trespass, consideration), spiegandone il significato con un giro di parole.

&lt;strong&gt;Il dilemma del traduttore
&lt;/strong&gt;In linea generale, il traduttore di testi di natura giuridica si trova di fronte a una di queste quattro situazioni:
Nei sistemi giuridici presi i considerazione esiste lo stesso istituto, che è regolamentato allo stesso modo. Il termine della lingua di arrivo rappresenta il medesimo concetto del termine della lingua di partenza. In questi casi il traduttore deve solo sostituire al termine nella lingua di partenza il termine nella lingua di arrivo, anche se, in realtà, una perfetta equivalenza dal punto di vista linguistico e giuridico è estremamente rara. Ad esempio le norme di sistemi giuridici integrati tra loro, come gli atti comunitari emanati nelle lingue ufficiali dell'Unione Europea, per definizione, hanno un'unica interpretazione e devono dare luogo ad una sola disciplina giuridica.
I nomi degli istituti sono uguali, o almeno equivalenti, a livello lessicale, ma la normativa sottostante è diversa. In questi casi, sotto l'aspetto semantico la traduzione letterale è scorretta e si deve evitare. In questo senso indicano due concetti differenti droit commun e common law, personal property e «proprietà personale». In questi casi è necessario che il traduttore faccia capire che il testo di cui si tratta è il prodotto di una traduzione, e che specifichi da quale lingua e sistema giuridico egli abbia tradotto. è corretto ad esempio tradurre l'inglese &lt;em&gt;contract &lt;/em&gt;con &lt;em&gt;«contratto»,&lt;/em&gt; a patto che sia chiaro per il destinatario della traduzione che il vocabolo italiano «&lt;em&gt;contratto»&lt;/em&gt; riceve nella specie l'accezione inglese di &lt;em&gt;contract,&lt;/em&gt; tant'è che nei rapporti commerciali internazionali regolati da contratti redatti in più lingue, è prassi comune decidere in via preventiva quale sarà la legge applicabile in caso di controversie: questa pratica permette di assegnare un contenuto giuridico preciso a parole che altrimenti assumerebbero sfumature diverse secondo l'ordinamento in cui sono inserite.
Un istituto ha sia nomi differenti a livello lessicale che diversa disciplina normativa. Può accadere che alla traduzione letterale del termine non corrisponda nessun concetto giuridico familiare al sistema della lingua di arrivo, e tuttavia il nucleo semantico è facilmente individuabile: così la provenienza non interna al sistema appare evidente ed evita pericolosi errori, non provocando ambiguità con termini ed istituti familiari. Non suscita nessun tipo di problema rendere lo statunitense District Court con «Corte distrettuale», il francesi Ministre de la Justice con l'inglese Minister of Justice, Conseil Constitution con «Consiglio Costituzionale», in quanto nei sistemi di arrivo non vi è nessun organo o istituzione che abbia la stessa denominazione.
Un istituto esiste in un sistema ma non nell'altro. In questo caso una traduzione letterale appare priva di senso: così Public Ministry non traduce correttamente «Pubblico Ministero»; sempre mentre per Guardasigilli» si avrebbe in inglese un inverosimile Sealwatcher.
Sia nel caso 3 che nel caso 4, i rischi di un fraintendimento sono limitati. Non crea problemi tradurre i francesi Tribunaux de commerce con «Tribunali di commercio», poiché questa espressione non ha riferimenti nel sistema italiano. Ma nell'ipotesi in cui si confrontino due sistemi giuridici che utilizzano la medesima lingua ufficiale (si pensi ai paesi anglofoni o dell'America latina), si dovrà spesso operare traduzioni intralinguistiche. Infatti, nel caso di più stati che usano la medesima lingua le differenze tra sistemi impongono comunque la necessità di tradurre: il termine «possesso» utilizzato nella Svizzera Italiana ha un valore diverso dallo stesso termine utilizzato in Italia, ed una traduzione esatta tra queste due lingue dovrà rendere chiaro che, malgrado l'equivalenza lessicale, i due termini si riferiscono a due nozioni diverse. In questi casi non basta più parlare di linguaggio di partenza o di arrivo, ma di linguaggio del sistema di partenza o di arrivo, con tante lingue quanto i sistemi giuridici che utilizzano una lingua: non si parlerà di «italiano giuridico», perché ne esistono almeno due tipi: l'italiano usato in Italia e l'italiano usato in Svizzera.

&lt;strong&gt;Dalla common law alla civil law&lt;/strong&gt;
Il diritto, attraverso i secoli, ha acquisito un suo proprio vocabolario tecnico-specialistico, come è evidente nell'inglese, che sempre più si pone come lingua di mediazione tra diversi sistemi linguistici e giuridici. Ciò sebbene sia da sottolineare la forte interdipendenza che sussiste tra la lingua inglese ed il sistema giuridico basato sulla common law. L'inglese e la common law sono due aspetti inseparabili della medesima cultura: nessun sistema di common law si è mai sviluppato in totale indipendenza dalla lingua inglese.
Gli ordinamenti di civil law sono invece meno legati alla lingua di riferimento; questi sistemi, derivano dai Codici napoleonici in francese, e dalla dottrina giuridica tedesca, si sono diffusi in tutta l'Europa continentale e sono stati presi come modello, oltre che nei sistemi che utilizzano una lingua neolatina come Italia ed i paesi dell'America Latina, anche in Paesi di tradizione giuridica e linguistica molto lontani tra loro, come ad esempio Grecia, Turchia, Russia e Giappone.
Nel suo testo sull'inglese giuridico, Melinkoff&lt;a name="6'"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.accurapid.com/journal/33legal.htm#6"&gt;6&lt;/a&gt; riporta un elenco di nove motivi per cui il linguaggio del diritto differisce dal linguaggio ordinario, e sottolinea le difficoltà che il traduttore di testi giuridici trova dovendosi confrontare con differenti tradizioni giuridiche, come i sistemi di common law e di civil law.
Mentra la common law si basa sulle soluzioni date ai casi particolari, procedendo induttivamente, e non, come la civil law, per applicazioni specifiche di norme astratte. Una differenza importante tra i due sistemi è quella per cui i giuristi di common law riconoscono che nella stessa cultura giuridica possono convivere più risposte accettabili, mentre i giuristi di civil law, anche ammettendo che ci possono essere contrasti fra le diverse risposte ad un problema giuridico, si deve pervenire alla conclusione che una sola risposta è giusta, e che le altre sono sbagliate.
Un caso evidente di difficile comparabilità è l'espressione francese personne morale» che corrisponde all'italiano «persona giuridica» in contrapposizione alla «persona fisica»: traslata letteralmente sia in italiano che in inglese, essa acquista immediatamente un connotato riferito alla moralità, e dunque etico-religioso, che invece nell'originale non ha. Per evitare ciò, l'inglese ha trovato un equivalente in legal person, che se pure non ha avuto grandissima fortuna, è l'espressione usata nei testi bilingui francese -inglese in uso in Canada.
Altro caso esemplare è il problema della traduzione del termine francese contrat (o del termine italiano «contratto») con la parola inglese contract; non tutti i contrats del Codice Civile francese (o i contratti del Codice Civile italiano) sono traducibili con il termine inglese contract. I vocaboli, non sono fra loro interscambiabili Nei sistemi di common law non si riscontra una precisa ed univoca definizione (per così dire, legislativa, come propongono i sistemi di civil law) degli istituti che vengono ricondotti in ambito continentale al contratto o, viceversa, di quegli istituti che possono venire ricompresi nel sostantivo contract.

&lt;strong&gt;L'inglese come lingua internazionale del diritto&lt;/strong&gt;
L'uso di una lingua veicolare internazionale, come è stato il latino fino al '700, e come ora è l'inglese, nonostante le sue diverse varietà, costituisce un formidabile strumento di uniformazione del lessico, in quanto opera da lingua franca tra gli idiomi nazionali. Nel caso del diritto la più diffusa conoscenza della lingua inglese anche tra i giuristi opera da elemento uniformatore.

Una branca del diritto che ha fatto fare all'inglese un passo avanti nello sviluppare un ruolo di lingua di mediazione è il diritto internazionale. Inizialmente il linguaggio del diritto internazionale era il linguaggio della diplomazia, vale a dire il francese. Fu, in effetti, solamente con il Trattato di Versailles nel 1919 che i testi francesi e inglesi del trattato furono considerati entrambi «autentici».
In tempi più recenti, la Convenzione di Vienna sul Diritto dei Trattati, entrata in vigore nel 1980, stabilisce il principio dell'eguale autenticità dei trattati redatti in lingue diverse e costituisce un tentativo di risolvere i gravi problemi cui spesso dà luogo l'interpretazione dei questi trattati.
In questo contesto, sicuramente bisogna registrare l'indiscusso affermarsi dell'inglese (in particolare, quella particolare varietà di inglese chiamata «inglese internazionale»), che già è preminente come lingua di vari settori come l'economia, il commercio internazionale, la tecnologia, e anche come lingua generale della comunicazione internazionale: nel 2003 la DG Traduzione dell'Unione Europea (che ancora sui chiamava Servizi di Traduzione) ha tradotto 1.416.817 pagine; il 58,9% dei testi originali erano redatti in inglese.&lt;a name="7'"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.accurapid.com/journal/33legal.htm#7"&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;a href="http://www.accurapid.com/journal/33legal.htm#7"&gt;Molti dei documenti prodotti dalla Commissione devono essere resi pubblici contemporaneamente in tutte le lingue ufficiali, devono apparire identici e - soprattutto - devono avere lo stesso significato. Ciò ha posto in primo piano i problemi di armonizzazione dei testi giuridici comunitari. E'un argomento di grande interesse, non tanto e non solo linguistico, che è stato esaminato con grande l'attenzione dalla dottrina giuridica: l'inglese, perfezionato dagli studiosi del diritto al fine di immettervi le nozioni di civil law e di creare termini neutri che non facciano esplicito riferimento alle definizioni elaborate dalla giurisprudenza anglosassone, sta diventando la lingua comune dei giuristi europei e mondiali, e standard di riferimento per le traduzioni giuridiche, perché ha quelle caratteristiche di internazionalità ed universalità che possono renderlo lingua neutra, libera da connotazioni particolari. &lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.accurapid.com/journal/33legal.htm#7"&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a name="1"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.accurapid.com/journal/33legal.htm#1"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; G. Snow, J. Vanderlinden, Francais juridique et science du droit, Universite de Moncton, testi presentati al II colloquio internazionale del centro internazionale del Coomn Law in francese, Bruylant, Bruxelles, 1995, pag.144&lt;a name="2"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
2 S. Girolamo, Lettera VII.&lt;a name="3"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
3 G. Snow, J. Vanderlinden, Francais juridique et science du droit, Universite de Moncton, testi presentati al II colloquio internazionale del centro internazionale del Coomn Law in francese, Bruylant, Bruxelles, 1995, pag.147&lt;a name="4"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
4 R. Sacco, La traduction juridique, un point de vue italien, 28 C. de D. , 1987, pag.850 estratto dalla Comunicazione presentata al XII Congresso dell'accademia internazionale di diritto comparato, agosto 1986, Sidney, Australia&lt;a name="5"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
5 D.De Leo, «&lt;a href="http://www.accurapid.com/journal/08legal.htm"&gt;Pitfalls in Legal Translation&lt;/a&gt;», in Translation Journal, April 1999.&lt;a name="6"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
6 Per una dettagliata analisi dell'inglese giuridico, non si può prescindere da Mellinkoff, D., The Language of the Law, Boston e Toronto, 1963.
In particolare, per quanto riguada le caratteristiche stilistiche del linguaggio del diritto inglese, cfr. pagg. 24 e ss.&lt;a name="7"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;7 Translating for a Multilingual Community, a cura della Direzione Generale della Traduzione della Commissione Europea, Maggio 2004.


This article was originally published at Translation Journal Volume 9, No. 3 July 2005&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-8432519117661772889?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/8432519117661772889/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=8432519117661772889' title='5 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8432519117661772889'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/8432519117661772889'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/linguistica-giuridicalegal-translation1.html' title='Linguistica Giuridica_L.Fiorito'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-3132858331294970746</id><published>2007-07-09T12:24:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2008-06-30T22:58:15.387-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='linguiistica giuridica'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='inglese legale'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='docenti inglese legale'/><title type='text'>Linguistica Giuridica</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"&gt;La&lt;/span&gt; linguistica giuridica è una disciplina piuttosto nuova nelle branche della linguistica in generale. Il suo campo di azione va dai problemi della traduzione alla redazione di testi normativi in altre lingue, dall’individuazione delle caratteristiche testuali e stilistiche, alla didattica del linguaggio, nella fattispecie dell’inglese e del francese legale

Nella sezione linguistica giuridica vorrei raccogliere articoli che riguardano osservazioni, critiche, comparazioni, problematiche del linguaggio giuridico sia nella traduzione che nella didattica.&lt;/span&gt;


81/IR/2007 - Giornata sulla &lt;a href="http://appinter.csm.it/AI/pdf/AI-Conferenze-Del-3dicembre2007-Roma.pdf"&gt;formazione linguistico - giuridica &lt;/a&gt;di giudici e pubblici ministeri
– Roma, 3 dicembre 2007. (relatore Dott.ssa NAPOLITANO)
&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

Link utili di persone che si occupano del settore giuridico, offrendoci le loro osservazioni sulla lingua per aiutarci a capirla meglio .

Link destinati a crescere spero..



&lt;a href="http://www.accurapid.com/journal/toc.htm#legal"&gt;http://www.accurapid.com/journal/toc.htm#legal&lt;/a&gt; (un sito gestito da traduttori per traduttori, con sezioni di inglese settoriale)
&lt;a href="http://www.englishfor.it/"&gt;http://www.englishfor.it/&lt;/a&gt; (con una rivista on-line di Inglese per Scopi Speciali)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-3132858331294970746?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/3132858331294970746/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=3132858331294970746' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3132858331294970746'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/3132858331294970746'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/link-utili.html' title='Linguistica Giuridica'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-22265060584596676</id><published>2007-07-09T08:16:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-07-09T10:45:37.393-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Glossari on line e dizionari Inglese legale</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="color:#333333;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Glossari e dizionari on line&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;a href="http://www.duhaime.org/diction.htm"&gt;http://www.duhaime.org/diction.htm&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;a href="http://www.nolo.com/lawcenter/dictionary/wordindex.cfm"&gt;http://www.nolo.com/lawcenter/dictionary/wordindex.cfm&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;a href="http://dictionary.law.com/"&gt;http://dictionary.law.com/&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;a href="http://www.floridalegalanswers.com/dic/"&gt;http://www.floridalegalanswers.com/dic/&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;a href="http://www.utcourts.gov/resources/glossary.htm"&gt;http://www.utcourts.gov/resources/glossary.htm&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;a href="http://www.pajlo.org/en/dictionary.php"&gt;http://www.pajlo.org/en/dictionary.php&lt;/a&gt; (ottimo per la terminologia sul diritto di proprietà)




&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dizionari Inglese legale&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

- Black's Law Dictionary, West Group, USA.
- The Oxford Dictionary of Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
- Barron's Law Dictionary, Steven H. Giffs, Barron's Educational Series, Inc., New York, USA.
- A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage di Bryan A. Garner (2nd ed.), Oxford, Oxford University - Press, 1995.
- Burton's Legal Thesaurus, di W.C. Burton, (3rd ed.), New York, Simon &amp; Schuster, 1999.

&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style="color:#666666;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In italiano-inglese e inglese-italiano&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

- De Franchis F., Dizionario Giuridico (vol. 1 — 1984 e vol. 2 — 1996) Giuffré, Milano&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-22265060584596676?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/22265060584596676/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=22265060584596676' title='8 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/22265060584596676'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/22265060584596676'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/glossari-on-line-e-dizionari-inglese.html' title='Glossari on line e dizionari Inglese legale'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>8</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-1176800771264889446</id><published>2007-07-09T07:43:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-07-17T09:31:26.819-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Materiale didattico</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;Testi di riferimento per lo studio autonomo e/o in classe&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;- L. Basta, P. Canepa, English for Lawyers, Hoepli, 1999 (ottima la parte sul diritto contrattuale)
- G. Howell, J. Muncie, Check your Vocabulary for Law, Peter Collin Publishing, 2003 (va bene per l’acquisizione lessicale).
- D. Riley, L. Greasby, Check your Vocabulary for Law. A Workbook for Users, Peter Collin Publishing, 2001(va bene per l’acquisizione lessicale)
- A. Riley. English for Law, Longman, 2001 ISBN 0-13-405325-7 – (completo ma il livello è piuttosto alto. Trovo inoltre che l’enfasi sia sull’aspetto contenutistico del diritto piuttosto che sugli aspetti linguistici)
- N. Brieger, Test your Professional English Law, Longman, 2002 (va bene per l’acquisizione lessicale in generale e per la preparazione del TOLES Foundation)
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.oup.com/bios/elt/haigh_r/?cc=it"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Rupert Haigh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;, Oxford Handbook of Legal Correspondence, OUP, 2006, English level: Intermediate to Advanced (ottimo per apprendere il linguaggio tipico della corrispondenza legale)
- Practice Papers for TOLES Foundation + TOLES Advanced ed Global Legal English, ISBN 0-9540714-1-7 ordinabili on line &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.toles.co.uk/acatalog/Books.html"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;http://www.toles.co.uk/acatalog/Books.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;- A. Krois-Lindner, International Legal English, CUP, 2006 (utile per la preparazione dell’esame ILEC. Ci sono anche delle simulazioni dell'esame + cd rom per la parte del listening)
- Chartrand, Millar and Wiltshire, English for Contract and Company Law, Sweet &amp; Maxwell, 2003 – Alcune parti sono adatte per il TOLES Foundation. Ottimo per il TOLES Advanced e il Cambridge ILEC.
- Rosemary Atkins and Catherine Mason, An Essential A-Z of Business Law, ISBN 0-9537653-0-X –Adatto per TOLES Foundation, TOLES Advanced e Cambridge ILEC.
- W McKay &amp;amp; H Charlton, Legal English, Longman, 2005 Adatto per TOLES Advanced e per il Cambridge ILEC
- Rupert Haigh, Legal English, Cavendish Pub Ltd, 2005 – Adatto per il TOLES Advanced e per il Cambridge ILEC
- T. Smith, Market Leader Business Law, London: Longman, 2001 Adatto per TOLES Advanced e per il Cambridge ILEC&lt;/span&gt; &lt;p&gt;GIROLAMO TESSUTO,  English for Law,  Giappichelli, 2006 - Suggerito per studenti di Giurisprudenza in Italia.  Indice: Introduction: Concepts and Classification of Law. – I. Civil Law: Property, Contract &amp; Tort Law. – II. Parliamentary and Judicial Law-Making. – III. Dispute Solving in English Law. – IV. Criminal Law. – V. European Union Law. – Worksheets – I. Classification &amp;amp; Branches of law: Property, Contract &amp; Tort. – II. Parliamentary and Judicial Law-Making. - III. Dispute Solving in English Law. – IV. Criminal Law. – V. European Union Law. – Key. – Appendix. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;BARBARA POZZO-MARINA TIMOTEO , &lt;em&gt;Europa e linguaggi giuridici&lt;/em&gt;, Giuffrè, Milano, 2007 (non ho ancora avuto modo di visionare questo testo e non sono in grado di esprimere alcun giudizio)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;- Brown, G. D. and S. Rice Professional English in Use: Law. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2007 (per i temi trattati si avvicina molto al testi International legal English, anche se le informazioni in merito sono più concentrate e sintentizzate. Non ci sono attività di listening. Potrebbe risultare utile usarlo per una introduzione a un corso di legal English o come parte finale per la verifica di un modulo di inglese giuridico. Mi piace l'aspetto della trascrizione fonetica del glossario in appendice)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff9900;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N.B. Un invito ai docenti e/o studenti che hanno utilizzato questi testi di farmi avere le loro osservazioni in merito&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:130%;color:#ff9900;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-1176800771264889446?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/1176800771264889446/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=1176800771264889446' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1176800771264889446'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/1176800771264889446'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/materiale-didattico.html' title='Materiale didattico'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-55552510461147754</id><published>2007-07-05T10:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-07-27T12:51:30.577-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Filmografia</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;FILMOGRAFIA – Film Scelti che trattano processi – thriller, storie di avvocati.

Sarebbe interessante creare delle schede tecniche da utilizzare per fini didattici. Chiunque voglia collaborare mi contatti.

1. The Accused (1988) Starring Kelly McGillis and Jodie Foster. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;2. Amistad (1997) Anthony Hopkins plays John Quincy Adams &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;3. Anatomy of a Murder (1959)James Stewart &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;4. A Few Good Men (1992) Tom Cruise, Demi Moore, Jack Nichols &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;5. Twelve Angry Men (1957) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;6. Philadelphia (1994) Starring Tom Hanks and Denzel Washington.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;7. The Trial (1962) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;8. &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Presumed-Innocent-Harrison-Ford/dp/B00004CYXX/ref=pd_sxp_grid_pt_1_2/202-9954946-8404657?ie=UTF8"&gt;Presumed Innocent [1990]&lt;/a&gt; Harrison Ford DVD &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;9. The Verdict (1982) Starring Paul Newman, Charlotte Rampling. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;10.&lt;a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/John-Grishams-Rainmaker-Matt-Damon/dp/B000058E3N/ref=pd_sxp_grid_pt_0_2/202-9954946-8404657?ie=UTF8"&gt;John Grisham's The Rainmaker [1998]&lt;/a&gt; Matt Damon &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;11.&lt;a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Client-Susan-Sarandon/dp/B00004CWNN/ref=pd_sxp_grid_pt_0_0/202-9954946-8404657?ie=UTF8"&gt;The Client [1994]&lt;/a&gt; Susan Sarandon&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;12.&lt;a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Conspiracy-Theory-Julia-Roberts/dp/B00004CX89/ref=pd_sxp_grid_pt_2_1/202-9954946-8404657?ie=UTF8"&gt;Conspiracy Theory [1997]&lt;/a&gt; ~ Julia Roberts&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;13.Inherit The Wind (1960) Cast: Spencer Tracy, Fredric March. Directed by Stanley Kramer. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;14.Judgment at Nuremberg (1961) Director Stanley Kramer's Cast: Spencer Tracy, Burt Lancaster, Montgomery Clift, Marlene Dietrich &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;15.Music Box (1990) with Jessica Lange &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;16.The Paradine Case (1947) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;17.Reversal of Fortune (1990) With Glenn Close and Jeremy Irons &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;18.To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) Starring Gregory Peck. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;19.Witness for the Prosecution (1957) Directed by Billy Wilder Cast: Tyrone Power, Marlene Dietrich, Charles Laughton, Elsa Lanchester. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;20.The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;21."M" (1931)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;22.The Wrong Man (1957) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;23.Paths of Glory (1958) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;24.A Man For All Seasons (1966) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;25.A Civil Action [1999] John Travolta &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;26.&lt;a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Generals-Daughter-John-Travolta/dp/B00004WCMS/ref=pd_sxp_grid_pt_0_1/202-9954946-8404657?ie=UTF8"&gt;The General's Daughter [1999]&lt;/a&gt; John Travolta &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;27.&lt;a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Time-Kill-Matthew-McConaughey/dp/B00004CWNR/ref=pd_sxp_grid_pt_1_0/202-9954946-8404657?ie=UTF8"&gt;A Time To Kill [1996]&lt;/a&gt; ~ Matthew McConaughey &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;28.&lt;a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Chamber-Chris-ODonnell/dp/B00029RE1M/ref=pd_sxp_grid_pt_1_1/202-9954946-8404657?ie=UTF8"&gt;The Chamber [1997]&lt;/a&gt; Chris O'Donnell ~ &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;29. &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.co.uk/Phenomenon-John-Travolta/dp/B00004CX97/ref=pd_sxp_grid_pt_2_0/202-9954946-8404657?ie=UTF8"&gt;Phenomenon [1996]&lt;/a&gt; John Travolta&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-55552510461147754?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/55552510461147754/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=55552510461147754' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/55552510461147754'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/55552510461147754'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/filmografia-to-improve-legal-english.html' title='Filmografia'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-6722835961917723249</id><published>2007-07-05T09:32:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-07-09T08:14:27.247-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Risorse on line</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;Sitografia &lt;/strong&gt;

Qui di seguito trovate un ricco ed esaustivo elenco di risorse sitografiche che riguardano l’inglese generale ma anche e soprattutto quello più specialistico, nella fattispecie quello legale.

L'apprendimento di una lingua non può assolutamente essere affidato al solo momento didattico di lezione frontale. Il successo è tanto più garantito quanto più riusciamo ad aumentare i momenti esperenziali della lingua in oggetto. Nel caso dell'inglese dovremmo riconsiderare i diversi canali che abbiamo a disposizione, tra cui internet integrandone il suo uso nelle nostre abitudini quotidiane affinchè la conoscenza della lingua non sia fine a se stessa ma abbia un suo ruolo attivo, soddisfacendo quell'esigenza forte di dover e poter comunicare in una società globalizzata.

L’invito rivolto a chi utilizza questo materiale è quello di farmi avere un feedback sulle risorse utilizzate per individuare quelle più valide affinché si riesca a rispondere in maniera più efficace e professionale a quelle che sono le esigenze di molti.

News in English
&lt;a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/" target="_blank"&gt;The Daily Telegraph &lt;/a&gt;- &lt;a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/"&gt;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.cnn.com/" target="_blank"&gt;CNN News&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href="http://www.cnn.com/"&gt;http://www.cnn.com/&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.time.com/time/"&gt;Time magazine&lt;/a&gt; – &lt;a href="http://www.time.com/"&gt;http://www.time.com/&lt;/a&gt;
Educational Programs &lt;a href="http://school.newsweek.com/"&gt;http://school.newsweek.com/&lt;/a&gt; for students
&lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/" target="_blank"&gt;BBC Online&lt;/a&gt; – &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/"&gt;www.bbc.co.uk/&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/business/" target="_blank"&gt;The Washington Post&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/business/"&gt;www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/business/&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/" target="_blank"&gt;The Times and Sunday Times&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/"&gt;www.the-times.co.uk/&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.usatoday.com/" target="_blank"&gt;USA Today&lt;/a&gt; – &lt;a href="http://www.usatoday.com/"&gt;www.usatoday.com/&lt;/a&gt; info on economics
&lt;a href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/" target="_blank"&gt;The Australian&lt;/a&gt; – &lt;a href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/"&gt;www.theaustralian.news.com.au/&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.guardianunlimited.co.uk/" target="_blank"&gt;The Guardian&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href="http://www.guardianunlimited.co.uk/"&gt;www.guardianunlimited.co.uk/&lt;/a&gt;

Italian news in English
&lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/italy/"&gt;http://www.guardian.co.uk/italy/&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.corriere.it/english/"&gt;http://www.corriere.it/english/&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/news/"&gt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/news/&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.agi.it/english/news.pl"&gt;http://www.agi.it/english/news.pl&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ansa.it/main/notizie/awnplus/english/english.html"&gt;http://www.ansa.it/main/notizie/awnplus/english/english.html&lt;/a&gt;

READING SKILLS
&lt;a href="http://www.lawdepot.com/"&gt;http://www.lawdepot.com/&lt;/a&gt; (livello pre-intermedio) un sito automatizzato per l’assistenza di tipo legale. L’aspetto più interessante per gli studenti sarebbe quello di accedere al settore dei contratti on line, e procedere:
scegliere un tipo di contratto
compilare il modulo
analizzare il tipo di informazioni richieste
visionare il contratto compilato nelle sue specifiche parti

&lt;a href="http://www.ilrg.com/forms/"&gt;http://www.ilrg.com/forms/&lt;/a&gt; (livello pre-intermedio) provvisto di un archivio di modelli di contratto. Ottimo per familiarizzare con il linguaggio del diritto contrattuale
&lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/learning/library/law.shtml"&gt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/learning/library/law.shtml&lt;/a&gt; (livello pre-intermedio) nel sito ufficiale della BBC compare la sezione learning Law. Una guida utile per aver un quadro generale del sistema giuridico in Inghilterra
&lt;a href="http://www.online-law.co.uk/"&gt;http://www.online-law.co.uk/&lt;/a&gt; (livello avanzato)un sito interessante per chi vuole svolgere l’attività forense in Gran Bretagna. Una linea guida su come diventare un barrister o un solicitor.
&lt;a href="http://www.law.com/"&gt;http://www.law.com/&lt;/a&gt; notizie del mondo forense americano
&lt;a href="http://europa.eu.int/cj/en/"&gt;http://europa.eu.int/cj/en/&lt;/a&gt; (livello avanzato ma la maggior parte delle informazioni sono in inglese e italiano) sito ufficiale della corte di giustizia europea con informazioni sulle istituzioni e sul diritto comunitario
&lt;a href="http://www.leeds.ac.uk/law/hamlyn/"&gt;http://www.leeds.ac.uk/law/hamlyn/&lt;/a&gt; (livello avanzato) un sito creato da un progetto della facoltà di giurisprudenza dell’università di Leeds con l’intento di offrire un panorama completo del sistema legale britannico utilizzando un linguaggio non propriamente tecnico.
&lt;a href="http://library.ukc.ac.uk/library/lawlinks/default.htm"&gt;http://library.ukc.ac.uk/library/lawlinks/default.htm&lt;/a&gt; (livello avanzato) Legal information on the internet . An annotated list of web sites compiled by Sarah Carter (Ottimo per ricerche approfondite che vanno dai case laws, alla sezione legislazione, agli articoli pubblicati in riviste specialistiche)

LISTENING SKILLS + READING SKILLS
&lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/news/lawinaction"&gt;www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/news/lawinaction&lt;/a&gt; (livello avanzato) un modo per ascoltare argomenti di tipo legale discussi alla radio con esperti del settore, interviste, e il contributo degli ascoltatori.
&lt;a href="http://www.courttv.com/"&gt;http://www.courttv.com/&lt;/a&gt; (livello avanzato) Court TV provides a window on the American system of justice through distinctive programming that both informs and entertains. The Court TV Networks™ are comprised of Court TV News SM, which offers live and taped trial coverage in daytime; and Court TV: Seriously EntertainingSM in primetime, featuring investigative drama, expert reality and relevant non-fiction series.
&lt;a href="http://www.forum-legal.com/"&gt;http://www.forum-legal.com/&lt;/a&gt; (livello pre-intermedio – livello avanzato) a Finnish Company offering Legal English training for lawyers, legal translation of documents. Interesting is the section re to Material –Newsletter with issues on legal language matters. Access to newsletter is free!! Your teacher consiglia di inscriversi alla news letter per ricevere informazioni su diversi aspetti linguistici del legal English. A partire dal numero di ottobre 2006 sono disponibili interventi realizzati in modalità podcasting. In questo modo il podcast si può scaricare in formato mp3 ed essere ascoltato successivamente con dei normali lettori mp3.
&lt;a href="http://www.translegal.com/"&gt;http://www.translegal.com/&lt;/a&gt; a Swedish Company offering, including Legal English testing, online Legal English courses and resources, live seminars and training, translation of legal documents, and publishing of Legal English materials. legal translation of documents. Questa associazione di avvocati linguisti è la stessa che ha lavorato sulla creazione del nuovo esame di inglese legale ILEC. Sul sito è possibile iscriverersi a dei corsi di inglese legale on line, rispettivamente uno di basic legal English e l’altro di Legal English of Company Law

GRAMMAR PRACTICE
&lt;a href="http://www.collegeem.qc.ca/cemdept/anglais/trouindx.htm" target="_blank"&gt;Pre to High Intermediate Grammar Quizzes&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.collegeem.qc.ca/cemdept/anglais/trouindx.htm"&gt;http://www.collegeem.qc.ca/cemdept/anglais/trouindx.htm&lt;/a&gt; with lots of exercises at different levels
&lt;a href="http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/sif/Tutorials/Grammar/Table_of_contents_grammar/table_of_contents_grammar.html" target="_blank"&gt;Present and Passive Verb Tense Practice&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href="http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/sif/Tutorials/Grammar/Table_of_contents_grammar/table_of_contents_grammar.html"&gt;http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/sif/Tutorials/Grammar/Table_of_contents_grammar/table_of_contents_grammar.html&lt;/a&gt; useful for practising grammar rules re to tenses and articles
&lt;a href="http://www.hio.ft.hanze.nl/thar/contents.htm" target="_blank"&gt;Intermediate to Advanced English Grammar Practice&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href="http://www.hio.ft.hanze.nl/thar/contents.htm"&gt;http://www.hio.ft.hanze.nl/thar/contents.htm&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.eslpartyland.com/quiz%20center/quiz.htm" target="_blank"&gt;ESL Grammar Quizzes&lt;/a&gt; -&lt;a href="http://www.eslpartyland.com/quiz%20center/quiz.htm"&gt;http://www.eslpartyland.com/quiz%20center/quiz.htm&lt;/a&gt; you can learn &amp; have fun at the same time
&lt;a href="http://www.englishpage.com/" target="_blank"&gt;English Page&lt;/a&gt; – &lt;a href="http://www.englishpage.com/"&gt;www.englishpage.com/&lt;/a&gt; very useful for practising grammar and vocabulary
&lt;a href="http://www.englishtown.com/"&gt;http://www.englishtown.com/&lt;/a&gt; Learn English on line
&lt;a href="http://www.onestopenglish.com/business_esp/legal.htm"&gt;http://www.onestopenglish.com/business_esp/legal.htm&lt;/a&gt; with a section on legal English
&lt;a href="http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/toc.cfm" target="_blank"&gt;English Grammar Reference&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href="http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/toc.cfm"&gt;http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/toc.cfm&lt;/a&gt;
Interactive exercises - &lt;a href="http://www.better-english.com/grammar.htm"&gt;http://www.better-english.com/grammar.htm&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.usingenglish.com/"&gt;http://www.usingenglish.com/&lt;/a&gt; (con risorse per docenti e studenti, esercizi di grammar, reading comprehension, e forum per discutere problemi linguistici)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4295880483517028260-6722835961917723249?l=ingleselegale.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/feeds/6722835961917723249/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=4295880483517028260&amp;postID=6722835961917723249' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/6722835961917723249'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4295880483517028260/posts/default/6722835961917723249'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ingleselegale.blogspot.com/2007/07/how-to-improve-your-legal-english.html' title='Risorse on line'/><author><name>Dott.ssa Maria Lombardi</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04756317790023292765</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='24' height='32' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_l4jO5E6CWAI/TNcfwfxFTeI/AAAAAAAADdE/ijLJyScGn6c/S220/england+2010+115.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4295880483517028260.post-796089299516614835</id><published>2007-06-24T11:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-02T03:17:20.826-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='toles'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='certificazioni'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ilec'/><title type='text'>Certificazioni nell'Inglese Legale</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Certificazione dell’inglese legale&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; per avvocati, studenti di giurisprudenza, studenti di scienze giuridiche e scienze di impresa.



1. &lt;strong&gt;Test of Legal English Skills (TOLES&lt;/strong&gt;)
2. &lt;strong&gt;International Legal English Certificate (ILEC&lt;/strong&gt;)


Entrambe le certificazioni sono certificazioni riconosciute da diverse associazioni forensi europee e mondiali. Diverse sono le università, almeno in Europa, divenute centro esami proprio per puntare all’acquisizione di competenze specifice e certificate.


&lt;strong&gt;Il TOLES&lt;/strong&gt; Prodotto dalla Global Legal English E’ riconosciuto da diverse associazioni forensi. In Italia, la facoltà di giurisprudenza di Napoli e la LIUC di Castellanza sono centro esami e riconoscono il TOLES come credito universitario, insieme ad altri 6 centri non universitari.
Il test, della durata di due ore, permette avvocati e studenti di legge di avere una comprovata abilità nell'affrontare in lingua inglese la normale routine di un ufficio legale o una facoltà di Legge.In particolare vengono testate la conoscenza e l’uso del lessico legale, la capacità di redigere lettere formali ed emails e la comprensione di testi complessi, oltre alla conoscenza della grammatica e del linguaggio commerciale. L'esame non ha niente a che fare con il diritto inglese o americano. La lingua e terminologia testate dal TOLES riflettono le transazioni internazionali commerciali del mercato globale attuale.
L’esame TOLES viene offerto più volte all’anno.


&lt;strong&gt;L’ILEC &lt;/strong&gt;è un esame nuovissimo nell’ambito delle certificazioni specialistiche. La prima sessione esami è stata offerta nel maggio 2006, nato dalla collaborazione fra l'Università di Cambridge (che lo somministra) e TransLegal, associazione svedese di linguisti-avvocati, leader in Europa. L’esame non solo è accreditato ma è riconosciuto a livello internazionale dalle seguenti associazioni: the European Company Lawyers Association, the European Law Students Association, the International Association of Young Lawyers, and the European Young Bar Association.L’esame attesta la competenza linguistica dei candidati in un contesto legale ed equivale al livello B2 e C1 del Quadro Europeo di riferimento delle Lingue.

L’esame ILEC viene offerto due volte all’anno.


Test of Legal English Skills &lt;strong&gt;(TOLES)&lt;/strong&gt; and International Legal English Certificate (&lt;strong&gt;ILEC)&lt;/strong&gt; sono attestati per le competenze linguistiche richieste dalle professioni legali e dal settore riguardante il diritto in generale. Attestano le seguenti abilità:· knowledge and use of vocabulary relevant in the global commercial market;· writing formal letters and communicating by email;· ability to follow a course of legal study where the instruction is in English;· reading and writing complex law documentation (TOLES);· the language of negotiating (TOLES);· grammatical accuracy;

1. Test of Legal English Skills (&lt;strong&gt;TOLES&lt;/strong&gt;)LIVELLI DELL’ESAME TOLES

TOLES Foundation at intermediate level of English (equivalent of FCE) –o Reading &amp;amp; Writing – 1hour 30 min.o Listening – 30 min.
TOLES Advanced – at advanced level of English (equivalent of CAE) –o Reading &amp;amp; Writing -
2 hours.
DATE DI ESAMI

Gli esami TOLES vengono offerti più volte all’anno. Le date variano da centro a centro in rapporto al numero dei candidati.
ISCRIZIONI
Per sostenere l’esame i candidati possono rivolgersi al British Council di Roma, Napoli o Milano oppure iscriversi c/o un centro registrato all’estero. A Londra ci sono corsi specializzati nella preparazione dell’esame TOLES della durata di 4 settimane.

Per informazioni &lt;a href="mailto:tsolutions@tsolutions.it"&gt;tsolutions@tsolutions.it&lt;/a&gt;


RISULTATII
I risultati degli esami sono pronti dopo 6 settimane.

&lt;strong&gt;TOLES FOUNDATION&lt;/strong&gt;
examination grades 0-60 This candidate has NO ABILITY to use legal English.
grades 61-70 This candidate has SOME KNOWLEDGE of general English and legal English skills.
grades 71-80 This candidate has PROMISING KNOWLEDGE of legal English skills. He / she can probably provide basic information and understand a limited amount of vocabulary but is unlikely to be able to follow a discussion or cope with a complex documentation.
grades 81-90 This candidate has a SATISFACTORY level of basic legal English skills.
grades 91-100 This candidate has GOOD basic legal English skills.


&lt;strong&gt;TOLES ADVANCED&lt;/strong&gt;
examination gradesGOLD (451-500) This candidate has excellent general English skills and is assessed as having EXCELLENT legal English skills.
ORANGE (401-450) This candidate has very good general English skills and is assessed as having VERY GOOD legal English skills.
RED (301-400) This candidate has well-above average general English skills and GOOD legal English skills.
PURPLE (201-300) This candidate has good general English skills and is assessed as having SATISFACTORY legal English skills.
BLUE (101-200) This candidate probably has an above average level of general English skills and is assessed as having APPROACHING SATISFACTORY legal English skills.
GREEN (0-100) This candidate may well have a good knowledge of general English but is assessed as having BASIC legal English skills.2.


&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;International Legal English Certificate &lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;(ILEC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;)
STRUTTURA DELL’ESAME ILEC
L’esame è suddiviso in 4 parti:o Reading - 1 hour 15 min, 6 parts, 54 questionso Writing - 1 hour 15 min, 2 taskso Listening – 40 min, 4 parts, 30 questionso Speaking – 16 min, 4 parts, taken in pairs, conducted by 2 examiners
DATE DEGLI ESAMI
Le sessioni sono due:2007- 12 maggio e 17 novembre.
ISCRIZIONI
Per sostenere l’esame i candidati possono rivolgersi al British Council di Roma, Napoli o Milano oppure iscriversi c/o un centro registrato all’estero.
In Inghilterra alcuni centri hanno avviato dei propri corsi di preparazione per l’esame ILEC.
A Cambridge corso di preparazione di 6 settimane per sostenere l’esame ILEC. Per informazioni rivolgersi alla &lt;a href="mailto:tsolutions@tsolutions.it"&gt;tsolutions@tsolutions.it&lt;/a&gt;
RISULTATI
Candidates receive one of the following grades:·
&lt;strong&gt;Pass grades&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Pass with Merit&lt;/strong&gt; C1 English at advanced level (CAE level)
&lt;strong&gt;Pass C1 English&lt;/strong&gt; at advanced level (CAE level)
&lt;strong&gt;Pass B2 English&lt;/strong&gt; at intermediate level (FCE level)·
&lt;strong&gt;Fail grades&lt;/strong&gt;- Narrow Fail - Fail
I risultati sono disponibili dopo 6 settimane con indicazioni della performance per ogni exam paper più un risultato globale. . Per ricevere l’attestato occorre raggiungere minimo un pass grade.


&lt;strong&gt;PREPARAZIONE PER L’ESAME TOLES E ILEC&lt;/strong&gt;. Non vi è l’obbligo di seguire necessariamente un corso di preparazione all’esame, tuttavia è consigliabile frequentare un corso di inglese legale ad un livello pari a quello richiesto dai rispettivi exam syllabus. Come ogni altro esame, occorre familiararizzare con la struttura dell’esame e sostenere delle simulazioni d’esame disponibili sul mercato.
Per la prep esame ILEC
il testo“International Legal English Student’s Book with Audio CDs”Amy Krois-Lindner (CUP)Sample exam papers and online teacher resources are available at &lt;a href="http://www.cambridge.org/elt/legalenglish/resources.htm"&gt;http://www.cambridge.org/elt/legalenglish/resources.htm&lt;/a&gt;


Per la prep esame TOLES
materiale per la preparazione dell’esame: Simulazioni degli esami TOLES Foundation e TOLES Advanced possono essere scaricati da &lt;a href="http://www.toles.co.uk/"&gt;http://www.toles.co.uk/&lt;/a&gt; o ordinate da Omnibus: &lt;a href="mailto:poznan@omnibus.com.pl"&gt;poznan@omnibus.com.pl&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="mailto:ksiazki@omnibus.com.pl"&gt;ksiazki@omnibus.com.pl&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;Quale certificazione consigliare?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;


Conseguire una certificazione rappresenta uno stimolo positivo per migliorare le nostre competenze offrendoci allo stesso tempo compiacimento e autostima di noi stessi.Naturalemente questo non basta per chi investe tempo, impegno e risorse economiche. Una certificazione risulterà tanto più valida quanto più ci garantisce una misurazione equa delle competenze acquisite e si rende spendibile nel campo professionale e accademico. Nel caso specifico della certificazione di inglese legale, le testimonianze raccolte in Italia nei test center del TOLES e dell’ILEC purtroppo non sono incoraggianti. Pochi sono i centri che riescono ad offrire una sessione di esami all’anno. Le certificazioni non sono ancora conosciute e poco richieste dalle facoltà di giurisprudenza.

Il TOLES e l’ILEC sono due certificazioni che rispondono agli standard di qualità delle certificazioni internazionali, ognuna certificando delle competenze specifiche. Quella del TOLES, con il suo livello foundation, a mio avviso, potrebbe essere presa in considerazione da quelle facoltà di giurisprudenza, laddove l’esame di inglese viene richiesto solo come idonei
